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Minerals
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The Deformation Structures of Carbonates
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The Deformation Structures of Carbonates

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 3353

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Avraam Zelilidis

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Guest Editor
Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: sedimentary basin analysis; petroleum geology; depositional environments; submarine fans; fluvial deposits; carbonates diagenesis; carbonates deformation; sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; seismic stratigraphy; geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicolina Bourli

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Guest Editor
Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
Interests: field geology; sedimentology; geochemistry; tectonics; stratigraphy; sedimentary basins; geological processes; petroleum geology; sequence stratigraphy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The nature of deformation structures is a key for understanding the geodynamic conditions in a sedimentary basin. Deformation structures could be developed both after and during the sedimentation processes.

The detailed study of deformation structures is an important tool for hydrocarbon exploration and prospectivity, as they can affect the porosity and permeability of the lithified rock and hydrocarbon fields in general.

Inversion tectonic frequently, from an extensional to a compressional regime, offers the opportunity to have both different deformation structures in the same outcrops. Inversion is important in many orogenic belts where the thick-skinned compressional structures, including inversion structures and huge deformation structures, develop along with thin-skinned deformation structures, above shallow detachments, producing additional deformation structures with different scales.

Many times, and during the extensional regime, normal fault activity produced syn-sedimentary deformation structures that could be formed with two different kinematic processes, seismites and gravity flows. These structures took place just after initial sediment consolidation because, at this time, deposits are weakest and so can be most easily and rapidly expelled on pore fluid.

This Special Issue welcomes high-impact original research and review papers that discuss in general the deformation structures associated with the tectonic setting and link the findings with global models.

Prof. Dr. Avraam Zelilidis
Dr. Nicolina Bourli

Guest Editors

Keywords

  • carbonates
  • deformation structures
  • compressional regime
  • slumps
  • seismites
  • gravity flows
  • stratigraphy
  • depositional settings

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 25209 KiB  
Article
Reassessing Depositional Conditions of the Pre-Apulian Zone Based on Synsedimentary Deformation Structures during Upper Paleocene to Lower Miocene Carbonate Sedimentation, from Paxoi and Anti-Paxoi Islands, Northwestern End of Greece
by Nicolina Bourli, George Iliopoulos and Avraam Zelilidis
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020201 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2120
Abstract
The studied area is situated in northwestern Greece and corresponds to the northern end of the Pre-Apulian Zone, in contact with the Apulian platform to the west and the Ionian Basin to the east. The proposed model is based on fieldwork, measured deformation [...] Read more.
The studied area is situated in northwestern Greece and corresponds to the northern end of the Pre-Apulian Zone, in contact with the Apulian platform to the west and the Ionian Basin to the east. The proposed model is based on fieldwork, measured deformation structures, and age determination of the studied deposits. Until now, the known Pre-Apulian platform or Pre-Apulian zone represents the margins of the Apulian platform to the Ionian Basin and was formed due to the normal faults’ activity during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Eras. Soft sediment deformation (SSD) structures are widespread within the upper Paleocene to lower Miocene limestones/marly limestones that are exposed in both Paxoi and Anti-Paxoi Islands, mostly along their eastern coasts, across sections of 2–3 km long and up to 60 m high. SSD structures, with a vertical thickness up to 10 m, have been observed in limestones and were formed during or immediately after deposition, during the first stage of sediment consolidation. SSD structures are cross-cut by normal faults, indicating their development during the rift stage. There are at least five different SSD horizons, and most of them present either an eastward or a westward progradation. These SSD structures are classified into four (4) different types of deformations: (1) thick synclines and anticlines, formed due to strong synsedimentary deformation; (2) strong and thick SSD structures that produced erosional contacts both with the underlying and the overlying undeformed horizons; (3) thin slumps, having sharp contacts with the underlying undeformed horizons and erosional contacts with the overlying undeformed horizons; and (4) thin slump horizons passing laterally to undeformed deposits in the same horizon. The studied SSD structures and their age of development introduce active margins between the Apulian platform and the Ionian Basin that have been influenced by normal fault activity. These normal faults have been active since the Ionian Basin changed gradually to a foreland basin, and after the tectonic regime changed from extension to compression, during the early to middle Eocene. It seems that compression in the studied Apulian platform margins arrived later and after the lower Miocene, and after the development of the SSD structures. The confinement of the lower Miocene deposits, both northwards and southwards (in Anti-Paxoi Island), indicates the presence of active transfer faults, with flower structure geometry, that were formed during sedimentation, producing highs and troughs. The present open anticline geometry of Paxoi Island indicates that the Island represents the forebulge area of the middle Miocene Ionian Foreland due to Ionian Thrust activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Deformation Structures of Carbonates)
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