Biological Activity and Chemical Biodiversity of Plant Secondary Metabolites

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2026 | Viewed by 306

Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 57001 Thermi, Greece
Interests: secondary metabolites; essential oils; plant genetic resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant secondary metabolites consisting of terpenes (essential oil components, pyrethrins, limonoides, phytoecdysones, cardenolides, and saponins), phenolic compounds (phenol propanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins), and nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, and non-protein amino acids) have widely diverse chemical structures with different chemical properties and correspondingly exhibit diverse biological activities. Secondary metabolites can function in plant defense as deterrents against herbivorous and pathogenic organisms; in allelopathy, by reducing the germination and growth of competing plants; in attracting pollinators and animals, thereby aiding the production and dispersion of seeds; and in encountering biotic and abiotic stresses in the plant’s environment. In addition, isolated secondary metabolites can play important roles in medicine and nutrition.

This Special Issue will focus on studies that explore the following: the isolation and characterization of plant secondary metabolites; the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the synthesis of metabolites; novel methods for detecting metabolites and analyzing metabolic pathways; the role of secondary metabolites in plant–environment interactions and their biodiversity; and novel uses in nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic applications.

Climate change creates stressful conditions for plants and threatens crop survival and productivity. Therefore, studies on the role of secondary metabolites in the mitigation of stress and diseases are especially welcome. In addition, studies exploring the analysis of genetic resource diversity and the selection of plants with great potential to advantageously interact with the changing environment (such plants may also be beneficial in dietary and medicinal applications) are also very welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Catherine Cook
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • secondary metabolites
  • chemical diversity
  • biological activities
  • plant defense
  • environmental interactions
  • nutritional and medicinal applications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 23572 KB  
Article
Temporal Partitioning of Carotenoid, Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Underlies the Ontogenetic Petal Color Transition in Weigela japonica
by Mei Zhang, Siyang Duan, Ji Zhang, Riwen Fei, Xiuting Zhao, Changbo Ji and Li Liu
Metabolites 2026, 16(7), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16070511 - 22 Jul 2026
Abstract
Background: Ontogenetic flower color change is a prevalent adaptive phenomenon in plants, yet the temporal orchestration of multiple pigment pathways during rapid developmental transitions remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the metabolic and transcriptional basis of the petal basal marking color [...] Read more.
Background: Ontogenetic flower color change is a prevalent adaptive phenomenon in plants, yet the temporal orchestration of multiple pigment pathways during rapid developmental transitions remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the metabolic and transcriptional basis of the petal basal marking color transition in Weigela japonica from yellow through yellow-orange to purple-red within a 4-day blooming period. Methods: Metabolomic analysis of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS across four developmental stages (S0–S3). Differentially accumulated metabolites were screened based on VIP > 1, |Log2FC| ≥ 1, and p < 0.05. Transcriptome sequencing was performed using the NovaSeq 6000 platform, and differentially expressed genes were identified using DESeq2. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify hub genes associated with pigment accumulation. Key structural genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Results: Metabolomics revealed distinct stage-specific pigment accumulation: carotenoids peaked during the yellow-orange stage (S2), while anthocyanins and flavonoids surged in the final purple-red stage (S3). KEGG enrichment indicated that carotenoid metabolism operates as a discrete module, anthocyanin biosynthesis as a terminal-specific route, and flavonoid metabolism as an intermediary hub bridging the two pathways. Transcriptome analysis identified stage-specific gene expression patterns: PAL and C4H were active at S0–S1, CHS/CHI/F3H peaked at S1-S2, and DFR/ANS were maximally expressed at S2–S3. Carotenoid genes (PSY, LCY, ZDS) showed synchronous expression during the yellow-orange phase. WGCNA identified MYB44, bHLH92, and ERF3 as hub genes strongly correlated with the S3 anthocyanin surge. Conclusions: These findings suggest a sequential activation model in W. japonica, in which temporally partitioned pigment metabolism and stepwise transcriptional regulation converge to orchestrate rapid ontogenetic color change. The study provides a framework for understanding developmental color transitions in ornamental plants, though causal regulatory relationships remain to be functionally validated. Full article
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