Intelligent Tool Wear Monitoring

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Machines Testing and Maintenance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1332

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
William States Lee College of Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
Interests: tool wear; digital twins; real-time monitoring; sensor fusion; machine vision; physics-based model; artificial intelligence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tool wear monitoring is a vital aspect of manufacturing systems, as it ensures production efficiency and product quality. This Special Issue primarily focuses on novel methodologies and frameworks that enable intelligent tool wear monitoring by integrating artificial intelligence (AI), machine vision, sensor fusion, physics-based models and human expertise. In addition, the deployment of such intelligent tool wear monitoring methodologies and frameworks exposes manufacturing systems to cyber vulnerabilities, such as adversarial attacks, data poisoning and evasion of AI models. Therefore, this Special Issue will also focus on the strategies used to prevent, detect, and mitigate these threats to ensure the integrity, resilience and trustworthiness of intelligent tool wear monitoring methodologies and frameworks. The specific topics of interest for the Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Data acquisition systems for robust in-process tool wear monitoring;
  • Data generation through sensor fusion, digital twins, and high-fidelity simulations;
  • AI models for tool wear prediction, classification, and progression analysis;
  • Hybrid modeling frameworks combining physics-informed and data-driven approaches;
  • Frameworks integrating Large Language Models (LLMs), eXplainable AI (XAI), and Vision Transformers (VT);
  • Human-centered AI systems to enhance decision making;
  • Cybersecurity strategies for protecting manufacturing systems from adversarial threats;
  • Edge and cloud-enabled architectures for scalable and real-time tool wear monitoring;
  • Challenges and future directions in advancing intelligent tool wear monitoring;
  • Case studies and industrial applications demonstrating intelligent, resilient and secure tool wear monitoring.

Dr. Ankit Agarwal
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tool wear
  • digital twins
  • real-time monitoring
  • sensor fusion
  • machine vision
  • physics-based model
  • artificial intelligence
  • large language models (LLMs)
  • eXplainable AI (XAI)
  • vision transformers (VT)
  • human-centered AI
  • cybersecurity
  • adversarial training

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1725 KB  
Article
Tool Wear Detection in Milling Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Audible Sound Signals
by Halil Ibrahim Turan and Ali Mamedov
Machines 2026, 14(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010059 - 2 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 904
Abstract
Timely tool wear detection has been an important target for the metal cutting industry for decades because of its significance for part quality and production cost control. With the shift toward intelligent and sustainable manufacturing, reliable tool-condition monitoring has become even more critical. [...] Read more.
Timely tool wear detection has been an important target for the metal cutting industry for decades because of its significance for part quality and production cost control. With the shift toward intelligent and sustainable manufacturing, reliable tool-condition monitoring has become even more critical. One of the main challenges in sound-based tool wear monitoring is the presence of noise interference, instability and the highly volatile nature of machining acoustics, which complicates the extraction of meaningful features. In this study, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is proposed to classify tool wear conditions in milling operations using acoustic signals. Sound recordings were collected from tools at different wear stages under two cutting speeds, and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) were extracted to obtain a compact representation of the short-term power spectrum. These MFCC matrices enabled the CNN to learn discriminative spectral patterns associated with wear. To evaluate model stability and reduce the effects of algorithmic randomness, training was repeated three times for each cutting speed. For the 520 rpm dataset, the model achieved an average validation accuracy of 96.85 ± 2.07%, while for the 635 rpm dataset it achieved 93.69 ± 2.07%. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using acoustic signals, despite inherent noise challenges, as a complementary approach for identifying suitable tool replacement intervals in milling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Tool Wear Monitoring)
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