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Lubricants
Special Issues
Structural Evolution and Wear of Steels
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Structural Evolution and Wear of Steels

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 593

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bojan Podgornik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: mechanical properties of metallic materials; effect of residual stresses; fatigue, fracture and impact toughness, creep; fracture and contact mechanics; surface engineering and galling resistance; wear and friction properties of coatings and materials; 3D printing, compatibility of lubricants and surfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marko Sedlacek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: surface topography; coatings; surface texturing; fatigue; mechanical properties of metallic materials; wear and friction properties of materials; failure analysis of materials and components
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Venu Yarasu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: powder metallurgy; cryogenic processing of materials; tribology; additive manufacturing; surface engineering; severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques; material characterization; statistical control; failure analysis of materials and components

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steel, renowned for its strength, versatility, recyclability, and adaptability, is a fundamental material for a wide range of industrial uses, with its use spanning from constructions to machine components to tools. However, wear, a complicated phenomenon that weakens the structural integrity of steel and reduces its lifespan, significantly influences its long-term performance. This emphasizes the importance of comprehending wear behavior and subtle structural details for enhancing the performance of steel. Additionally, an improved understanding of steel’s structural properties promotes resource efficiency and sustainability, while also optimizing engineering designs for its endurance. Moreover, as industries evolve, the demand for high-strength steels with tailored properties intensifies, amplifying the need for comprehensive research in this domain. Thus, this Special Issue delves into the critical areas of structural evaluation and wear mechanisms in steel, aiming to provide scholars with a comprehensive understanding of these interconnected aspects to advance toward safer, more resilient, and more sustainable engineering solutions.

Dr. Bojan Podgornik
Dr. Marko Sedlacek
Dr. Venu Yarasu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • steel
  • surface engineering
  • heat treatment
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • wear mechanisms
  • structural integrity
  • wear prediction

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2998 KiB  
Article
Study of Surface Treatment by Ionic Plasma and Self-Protective Pastes of AISI 304 and 316L Stainless Steels: Chemical, Microstructural, and Nanohardness Evaluation
by Francisco Martínez-Baltodano, Juan C. Díaz-Guillén, Lizsandra López-Ojeda, Gregorio Vargas-Gutiérrez and Wilian Pech-Rodríguez
Lubricants 2025, 13(5), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13050195 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 258
Abstract
This work studied the effect of self-protective paste nitriding (SPN) and ion plasma nitriding (IPN) on the surface chemistry, microstructure, and nanohardness of AISI 304 and 316L stainless steels, with both treated at 440 °C for 5 h. Surface modifications analyzed using SEM [...] Read more.
This work studied the effect of self-protective paste nitriding (SPN) and ion plasma nitriding (IPN) on the surface chemistry, microstructure, and nanohardness of AISI 304 and 316L stainless steels, with both treated at 440 °C for 5 h. Surface modifications analyzed using SEM and nanoindentation revealed distinct outcomes. SPN induced an oxynitriding effect due to the oxidation properties of the pastes, forming Fe3O4 and FexC phases, while IPN produced an expanded austenite layer. Both methods enhanced surface nanohardness, but SPN showed superior results. For 316L SS, SPN increased nanohardness by 367.81% (6.83 GPa) compared to a 133.5% increase (3.41 GPa) with IPN. For 304 SS, SPN improved nanohardness by 26% (2.23 GPa), whereas IPN reduced it by 48% (0.92 GPa). These findings highlight SPN’s potential as an effective anti-wear treatment, particularly for 316L SS. The SPN process utilized a eutectic mixture of sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate, while IPN employed a N2:H2 (1:1) gas mixture. SEM analyses confirmed the formation of γ-Fe(N) phases, indicating dispersed iron nitrides (FeN, Fe3N, Fe4N). SPN’s simultaneous oxidation and nitrocarburization led to an oxide layer above the nitride diffusion layer, enhancing mechanical properties through iron oxides (Fe3O4) and carbides (FexC). Comparative analysis showed that AISI 316L exhibited better performance than AISI 304, underscoring SPN’s effectiveness for surface modification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Evolution and Wear of Steels)
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