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Lubricants
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Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools
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Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 5455

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yunn-Lin Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
Interests: dynamics of multibody systems; tribology; mechanical vibrations and modal analysis; friction and lubricaion of machine components; biomechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
Interests: tribology in industrial application; lubrication failure diagnosis and monitoring; precision machine system analysis; micro-contact mechanics; green lubricant
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Thi-Na Ta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
Interests: friction; wear mechanisms; vibration analysis; computer-aided engineering; computational optimization and statistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The performance of mechanical components and systems is mainly determined by the optimization of their design and manufacturing processes. How to apply tribology technology in the design and manufacturing stage is an important factor affecting the failure and efficiency of systems or their components. The application of appropriate tribology design and manufacturing can reduce or avoid excessive friction and wear at the contact interface, extend machine lifetimes, and improve system reliability. Due to the progress and development of our society, the requirements for precision and environmental protection have become increasingly stringent. Hence, tribology in design and manufacturing is facing more challenges. For example, green lubricants, green manufacturing, machine learning, and tribology monitoring are developing rapidly.

The current Special Issue will mainly connect experts and scholars in related areas from all over the world as well as scholars who will participate in the 2024 International Conference on Engineering Tribology and Applied Technology to discuss and exchange in-depth ideas on the issue. We welcome all experts in related areas to participate in this platform.

Prof. Dr. Yunn-Lin Hwang
Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng
Dr. Thi-Na Ta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tribology in manufacturing systems
  • tribology in manufacturing design
  • tribology in manufacturing efficiency
  • tribology in vibration and noise
  • tribology in machine design
  • tribology in surface damage
  • bio-lubricants
  • lubricant degradation
  • tribological failure diagnosis and monitoring
  • basic friction and wear
  • lubricants and lubrication
  • contact mechanics
  • surface engineering and coating
  • material analysis and examination
  • tribology in machine elements
  • tribo-chemistry and tribo-corrosion
  • biotribology
  • green tribology and sustainability
  • micro and nano tribology
  • manufacturing technology
  • tribotronics and active tribology

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4846 KiB  
Article
Study of Corrosion, Power Consumption, and Wear Characteristics of Herringbone-Grooved Fan Bearings in High-Temperature and High-Humidity Environments
by Jim-Chwen Yeh, Yu-Chang Lee, Chun-Hsiang Huang, Ming-Yuan Li and Chin-Chung Wei
Lubricants 2025, 13(6), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13060245 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 392
Abstract
Fans are essential electronic components for heat dissipation in electronic systems, with fan bearings being critical parts that determine fan performance and lifespan. This paper investigates the corrosion, wear, power consumption, temperature, and vibration characteristics of a newly designed and manufactured powder metallurgy [...] Read more.
Fans are essential electronic components for heat dissipation in electronic systems, with fan bearings being critical parts that determine fan performance and lifespan. This paper investigates the corrosion, wear, power consumption, temperature, and vibration characteristics of a newly designed and manufactured powder metallurgy bearing with herringbone oil grooves for fans under high-humidity and high-temperature conditions. Corrosion experiments on iron–copper powder metallurgy bearings show that a higher environmental temperature and humidity result in greater corrosion current and reduced corrosion resistance. Bearings operated under high humidity (85% RH) and a high temperature (80 °C) for 0, 3, and 8 days, respectively, revealed that wear and corrosion occur simultaneously. The longer the operating time, the more significant the wear and corrosion. After 3 and 8 days, the lubricating oil flow in the oil grooves decreased by 9.8% and 51.5%, respectively. When bearings subjected to varying degrees of corrosion were tested under the same standard operating conditions, it was found that the bearings corroded for 3 and 8 days, resulting in a significant increase in the number of wear debris particles, higher RMS vibration values, and a power consumption increase of 6.9% and 7.8%, respectively. The percentage of iron elements on the surface gradually decreased, with the copper elements being the primary wear particles during the wear process. However, due to the increased clearance between the rotating shaft and the bearing caused by wear, the fan temperature slightly decreased with increased surface wear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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17 pages, 2429 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation on Cutting Forces in Sustainable Hard Milling of Hardox 500 Steel Under Al2O3/MoS2 Hybrid Nanofluid MQCL Environment
by Tran The Long
Lubricants 2025, 13(6), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13060240 - 26 May 2025
Viewed by 376
Abstract
Hardox 500 is a special low-alloy, martensitic steel possessing extraordinary wear resistance, high hardness, and high ductility; thus, it has been widely used in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, this type of steel has a low machinability and is grouped among the difficult-to-machine materials. [...] Read more.
Hardox 500 is a special low-alloy, martensitic steel possessing extraordinary wear resistance, high hardness, and high ductility; thus, it has been widely used in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, this type of steel has a low machinability and is grouped among the difficult-to-machine materials. Hence, this paper’s objective was to study its hard milling performance under minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL) conditions using an Al2O3/MoS2 hybrid nano cutting oil. The Box–Behnken response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the nanoparticle concentration (NC), cutting speed (v), and feed rate (f) on the total cutting force F and cutting force coefficient Fy/Fz. The obtained results indicate that the cutting efficiency of Hardox 500 steel was improved thanks to the enhancement in cooling lubrication from the MQCL using the Al2O3/MoS2 hybrid nano cutting oil. The applicability of vegetable oil and coated carbide inserts is thus extended to the hard milling of difficult-to-cut materials. Moreover, the provision of the appropriate ranges and optimal set of investigated variables obtained in this paper will be useful guides for technologists and further studies. Concretely, NC = 0.5–0.7%, v = 110–115 m/min, and f = 0.08–0.10 mm/tooth are the optimal set for the total cutting force F, while NC = 0.5%, v = 138–140 m/min, and f = 0.08–0.09 mm/tooth are suggested for the cutting force coefficient Fy/Fz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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24 pages, 19641 KiB  
Article
Wear Characteristics and Optimization Measures of Disc Cutters During Large-Diameter Slurry Tunnel Boring Machine Advancing in Soil-Rock Composite Strata: A Case Study
by Yingran Fang, Xinggao Li, Yinggui Cao, Hongzhi Liu and Yidong Guo
Lubricants 2025, 13(4), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13040170 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 492
Abstract
The large-diameter slurry tunnel boring machine (TBM) is widely used in the construction of tunnels across rivers and seas. However, cutter wear has become a critical issue that severely limits the tunnelling efficiency. Taking the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel Project as [...] Read more.
The large-diameter slurry tunnel boring machine (TBM) is widely used in the construction of tunnels across rivers and seas. However, cutter wear has become a critical issue that severely limits the tunnelling efficiency. Taking the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel Project as the background, the wear patterns of disc cutters on the atmospheric cutterhead of a large-diameter slurry TBM under complex geological conditions were analyzed. The flat wear of disc cutters induced by factors such as rock chip accumulation in front of the cutterhead, the jump trajectory when changing disc cutters, alloy-insert disc cutter mismatch, cutter barrel clogging, and severe wear of scrapers is discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of measures such as slurry circulation to remove rock chips during TBM stoppage, clay dispersant injection into the slurry chamber, cutter barrel flushing, and the wear resistance optimization of cutters and cutter barrels on reducing cutter wear were investigated. Based on numerical simulations and field data, a methodology for determining the optimal timing for cutter replacement is proposed. The results indicate the following: The circulation system effectively reduces accumulation, minimizing secondary wear of the disc cutters and lowering the risk of clogging in the cutter barrel. Adopting measures such as shield shutdown, a circulation system to carry away the slag, cutter barrel flushing, and soaking in 2% dispersant for 8 h can effectively reduce the accumulation of rock chips and mud cakes on the cutterhead, which in turn reduces the flat wear of the disc cutter. Measures such as making the cutter body and cutter ring rotate together and adding wear-resistant plates to the cutter barrel greatly improve the life of the cutter. The sharp increase in composite parameters can serve as an effective marker for assessing cutter conditions. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights into reducing cutter wear in similar projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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22 pages, 3892 KiB  
Article
Targeted Minimum Quantity Fluid Application in Machining
by Chandra Sekhar Rakurty, Patricio Ivan Varela and Alagar Krishnan Balaji
Lubricants 2025, 13(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13020050 - 25 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1210
Abstract
The surface integrity of a machined component is crucial for its service life part. One of the main final specifications that a machined part is inspected for is the surface integrity metrics, including surface residual stresses, surface microhardness, surface roughness, and microstructure. In [...] Read more.
The surface integrity of a machined component is crucial for its service life part. One of the main final specifications that a machined part is inspected for is the surface integrity metrics, including surface residual stresses, surface microhardness, surface roughness, and microstructure. In this paper, the cutting fluid is strategically targeted to utilize heat energy effectively in the primary, secondary, and tertiary shear zones to positively affect the surface integrity metrics and machining mechanics. In this study, a lower quantity of the cutting fluids is targeted at the high-temperature zones to reduce the machining temperatures, thereby effectively simulating the effect of a ‘flood coolant’. The cutting fluid is applied simultaneously as a targeted Minimum Quantity Fluid (MQF) on the cutting tool’s flank and rake faces to improve the surface integrity metrics and chip formation. Also, this study analyzes the effect of the cutting fluid composition, the type of cutting fluid, and the amount of fluid quantities. The machining-induced surface integrity metrics are analyzed to understand the effects of targeted minimum quantity fluid application. The impact of the targeted application of cutting fluid on machining mechanics metrics, such as cutting forces and chip formation, is analyzed. Applying a targeted MQF application at the flank face of the cutting tool leads to higher compressive subsurface principal residual stresses. The results indicate that using MQF on both the flank and rake faces simultaneously enhances the surface integrity. The effect of a cutting fluid jet on the flank face is modeled to highlight the thermophysical properties that are crucial for selecting the appropriate cutting fluid to lower the machining-induced temperatures. With targeted MQF application, the fluid jet acts as a dynamic and external chip control mechanism. Overall, effectively managing temperatures in machining could enhance subsurface residual stresses and surface roughness using various cutting fluid combinations. Also, this paper presents a targeted cutting fluid application that improves the microstructural formation, enhancing chip control and producing machined surfaces and components with better surface integrity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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18 pages, 17988 KiB  
Article
Sliding Wear Behavior of WP7V Tool Steel with Different Hardnesses Under Reciprocating Test Rig
by Rogério Breganon, Francisco Arieta and Giuseppe Pintaude
Lubricants 2024, 12(12), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120453 - 18 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1187
Abstract
This study involved the investigation of the mechanical and tribological behaviors of DIN 1.2344 and WP7V tool steels, quenched in a salt bath after austenitization at 1050 °C, followed by triple tempering for 2 h. The selection of tempering temperatures produced two hardness [...] Read more.
This study involved the investigation of the mechanical and tribological behaviors of DIN 1.2344 and WP7V tool steels, quenched in a salt bath after austenitization at 1050 °C, followed by triple tempering for 2 h. The selection of tempering temperatures produced two hardness levels under four metallurgical conditions, with the hardest level found only for WP7V steel (54 and 57 HRC). The mechanical properties were evaluated using Rockwell C, Vickers, and nanoindentation methods, along with unnotched impact tests, according to the SEP 1314 guidelines. Wear tests were conducted in a tribometer configured for a reciprocating setup, with a frequency of 5 Hz, a load of 25 N, and a time of 60 min, at room temperature and at 200 °C. As counterbodies, alumina balls of 5 mm in diameter were used. Wear tracks were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy, EDS, interferometry, and Raman spectroscopy. Friction and wear behaviors were affected by the variation in temperature for softer steels (DIN 1.2344 and WP7V of 48.5 HRC): the higher the temperature, the better the tribological performance. The harder steels were not sensitive to temperature testing. These effects depend on maintaining iron oxide (hematite) at the point of contact. The wear rates determined for the hardest material (57 HRC), considering its impact resistance, make it unsuitable for severe conditions such as hot stamping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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26 pages, 14835 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of (AlCrNbSiTiMo)N High-Entropy Alloy Films Prepared Using Single Multiple-Element Powder Hot-Pressed Sintered Target and Their Practical Application in Nickel-Based Alloy Milling
by Jeng-Haur Horng, Wen-Hsien Kao, Wei-Chen Lin and Ren-Hao Chang
Lubricants 2024, 12(11), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12110391 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
(AlCrNbSiTiMo)N high-entropy alloy films with different nitrogen contents were deposited on tungsten carbide substrates using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. Two different types of targets were used in the sputtering process: a hot-pressing sintered AlCrNbSiTi target fabricated using a single powder containing multiple [...] Read more.
(AlCrNbSiTiMo)N high-entropy alloy films with different nitrogen contents were deposited on tungsten carbide substrates using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. Two different types of targets were used in the sputtering process: a hot-pressing sintered AlCrNbSiTi target fabricated using a single powder containing multiple elements and a vacuum arc melting Mo target. The deposited films were denoted as RN0, RN33, RN43, RN50, and RN56, where RN indicates the nitrogen flow ratio relative to the total nitrogen and argon flow rate (RN = (N2/(N2 + Ar)) × 100%). The as-sputtered films were vacuum annealed, with the resulting films denoted as HRN0, HRN33, HRN43, HRN50, and HRN56, respectively. The effects of the nitrogen content on the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of the films, in both as-sputtered and annealed states, underwent thorough analysis. The RN0 and RN33 films displayed non-crystalline structures. However, with an increase in nitrogen content, the RN43, RN50, and RN56 films transitioned to FCC structures. Among the as-deposited films, the RN43 film exhibited the best mechanical and tribological properties. All of the annealed films, except for the HRN0 film, displayed an FCC structure. In addition, they all formed an MoO3 solid lubricating phase, which reduced the coefficient of friction and improved the anti-wear performance. The heat treatment HRN43 film displayed the supreme hardness, H/E ratio, and adhesion strength. It also demonstrated excellent thermal stability and the best wear resistance. As a result, in milling tests on Inconel 718, the RN43-coated tool demonstrated a significantly lower flank wear and notch wear, indicating an improved machining performance and extended tool life. Thus, the application of the RN43 film in aerospace manufacturing can effectively reduce the tool replacement cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Tribological Properties of Machine Tools)
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