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Lubricants
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Science and Technology in Nanotribology
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Science and Technology in Nanotribology

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 2743

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhe Chen

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Interests: nanotribology; nanolubricants; friction materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Huan Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
Interests: advanced nanomanufacturing; bio-inspired sensing; micro/nano-sensors; lab on chip
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Oleksiy V. Penkov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
2. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Interests: materials science; coatings; functional nanomaterials; tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Seong Han Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: tribology; glass surfaces; cellulosic nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanotribology, also known as microtribology or molecular tribology, focuses on atomic and molecular interactions which occur following frictional contact between materials at a nanoscale, and is one of the most significant components of tribology. By utilizing atomic force microscopy and other surface analysis methods, as well as computational molecular dynamics, nanotribology considers the friction behaviors from the perspective of atoms and molecules, so it is considered as a fundamental research field of tribology. Nanotribology establishes a way to improve the fundamental understanding of physical, chemical, mechanochemical, and electrical interactions during a sliding process, which has led to the advancement of the fields of nanomechanics, nanoimaging, and so on. The methodology of nanotribology can be applied to almost all kinds of solid materials, such as 2D materials, semiconducting materials, hydrogels, and so on, and the environmental conditions can be vapors or liquids. Moreover, with the better understanding of the atomic rearrangement and material removal mechanism, nanotribology provides essential insights into the field of nanomanufacturing. Although the word nanotribology was first introduced about 20 years ago, the field of nanotribology is still growing fast via incorporation with the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and so on, especially with the development of high-precision experimental methods and the increase in computational power.

This Special Issue aims to share advances in the field of nanotribology, which can benefit both fundamental science research and advanced manufacturing technology. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are highly welcome.

Dr. Zhe Chen
Dr. Huan Hu
Dr. Oleksiy V. Penkov
Prof. Dr. Seong Han Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanotribology
  • microtribology
  • molecular tribology
  • friction
  • wear
  • lubrication
  • nanomechanics
  • nanomanufacturing
  • atomic force microscopy
  • molecular dynamics
  • 2D materials
  • semiconducting materials
  • hydrogels

Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 2262 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Base Oil and Additive Oxidation Products from Formulated Lubricant by Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
by Oscar Lacroix-Andrivet, Marie Hubert-Roux, Corinne Loutelier Bourhis, Samira Moualdi, Anna Luiza Mendes Siqueira and Carlos Afonso
Lubricants 2023, 11(8), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080345 - 12 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Automotive formulated lubricants are high value products composed of 80% base oil and 20% various additives. During their life service, lubricants are exposed to several factors that will cause degradation over time, such as high temperature, shear, and oxidation. Base oil is a [...] Read more.
Automotive formulated lubricants are high value products composed of 80% base oil and 20% various additives. During their life service, lubricants are exposed to several factors that will cause degradation over time, such as high temperature, shear, and oxidation. Base oil is a complex combination of hydrocarbons that are relatively sensitive to oxidation. During the initiation phase of oxidation, free radicals are formed, leading to the production of hydroperoxide ROOH and an alkyl radical R•. These compounds will react with the base oil molecules to form aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids in the termination phase. Owing to the molecular complexity of these mixtures, Fourier transform mass spectrometry seems to be the most appropriate tool to cover their wide range of compounds due to its ultra-high resolving power and mass accuracy. In this study, a native formulated lubricant and its different oxidized states at 140 °C under air flow (3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 days of oxidation) were analyzed by FTICR MS. The combination of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used to achieve a non-selective ionization of molecules, including base oils, while Electrospray ionization (ESI) was used to selectively ionize acidic molecules. Apparent Kendrick mass defect (aKMD) plots were used to separate homologous series of molecules on different horizontal lines on the basis of the CH2 repetition unit. Aging of lubricants was mainly characterized by a rapid consumption of certain additive families, such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MoDTCs) and zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTPs), but also by the emergence of many oxidation products. Thus, the presence of aldehydes, ketones, and acids was characterized in the early stage of aging while larger products from polymerization were observed in a more advanced stage of aging. Interaction products between peroxy radicals and hindered phenols/alkyl diphenylamines (ADPAs) antioxidations were elucidated toward the high m/z. The formation of such products can be explained by trapping mechanisms of these additives at high temperature (>120 °C). Other types of interaction products were observed with the formation of antioxidant complexes. Additive degradation products were also characterized. For instance, polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant oxidation products were clearly evidenced on the aKMD plots due to the gaps of 56 Da between each point. Overall, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the aKMD approach, and the use of ESI/APCI to characterize base oil and additive oxidation products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology in Nanotribology)
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18 pages, 5361 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Lubrication Mechanism of Nano-Fluid and Grinding Wheel Prepared by CNTs@T304 Nano-Capsules
by Jiju Guan, Zhengbing Zhu, Lanyu Yang, Yu Xia, Xuefeng Xu and Shuiquan Huang
Lubricants 2023, 11(6), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11060244 - 01 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
Grinding fluid often struggles to enter the grinding area and overcoming this challenge has been a major focus of research in recent years. Therefore, CNTs@T304 nano-capsules are prepared by filling the cavities of CNTs with a lubricant of T304. CNTs@T304 nano-capsules were used [...] Read more.
Grinding fluid often struggles to enter the grinding area and overcoming this challenge has been a major focus of research in recent years. Therefore, CNTs@T304 nano-capsules are prepared by filling the cavities of CNTs with a lubricant of T304. CNTs@T304 nano-capsules were used as an additive in this paper to prepare resin grinding wheels and nanofluids, respectively. The resin wheels filled with nano-capsules were used for grinding under the lubrication of nanofluids, and T304 could then be released to the grinding area to play a self-lubricating role during grinding. First, CNTs@T304 nano-capsules were characterized, and the properties of the prepared grinding wheels and nanofluids were tested. Second, the effects of the filling of nano-capsules and grinding speed on the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness, and grinding ratio were studied. Finally, the lubrication mechanism of the nano-capsules was revealed through surface analysis of the workpiece. The results suggested that nano-capsules had good thermal stability and the nanofluid prepared from them exhibited good dispersion stability and thermal conductivity. The grinding wheel was found to satisfy the service conditions when the filling content was less than 15%. Compared with a common wheel, the grinding force and grinding temperature were reduced by 24% and 28%, respectively, and the surface roughness of the workpiece and the grinding ratio were increased by 18% and by 21%, respectively, when grinding GCr15 steel with the nano-capsule wheel. Lubrication with nanofluids could further reduce the grinding force, grinding temperature, and surface roughness values. During grinding, the self-lubrication film formed by the T304 released from the nano-capsules in the wheel served first and foremost as a lubricant. The intervention of the nanofluid enhanced the heat-exchange effect and lubrication efficiency in the grinding zone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology in Nanotribology)
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