Advancements in Hybrid Power Systems for Marine Applications

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2025 | Viewed by 351

Special Issue Editors

AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: power and energy management system; virtual synchronous generator; multiple microgrids cluster systems; fuel cells
Energy Department, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: power management system; energy storage; security detection and cooperative control of microgrids; motor drive technologies
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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
Interests: hybrid-electric propulsion systems; fuel and emissions monitoring; marine renewable systems; tidal current turbines and associated electrical power converters; marine electrical systems; shore supplies; hybrid marine propulsion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The maritime industry is currently undergoing a significant transformation, marked by the transition towards propulsion systems that are both energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. This shift is prominently reflected in the adoption of hybrid and all-electric propulsion systems, using renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, fuel cells, hydrogen, and other emerging technologies. The evolution of advanced electrical distribution topologies further enhances these systems’ efficiency and reliability.

As vessels have progressed towards all-electric propulsion, they have encountered challenges associated with variable and fluctuating propulsion loads. In response, hybrid energy storage systems have emerged as effective solutions, particularly when integrating renewable sources. The incorporation of photovoltaic and fuel cell technologies into these storage systems enables vessels to handle high-frequency fluctuations, support primary generators, and provide reliable energy backup across varying sea states and cruising conditions. Furthermore, hydrogen has shown great promise as a clean and sustainable fuel source, contributing to the decarbonization of the maritime sector.

This highlights the critical role of power management systems in optimizing the performance of hybrid power systems. Efficient power management is paramount to ensuring the reliability, sustainability, and overall effectiveness of hybrid and all-electric propulsion systems, especially as vessels navigate diverse operational conditions.

This Special Issue aims to present and share the latest advancements in the theory, design, modeling, application, route planning, and energy optimization of hybrid electric maritime vessels. Original research articles and review papers are welcome. Relevant research areas include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Electrical propulsion and generation;
  • Energy storage systems;
  • Cold-ironing and shore power;
  • Green shipping technologies;
  • Ship- and system-level modeling;
  • Fuel cells and their integration into maritime applications;
  • Advanced modeling approaches for hybrid maritime power systems;
  • Energy-efficient navigation strategies;
  • Rule-based and optimization-based power and energy management methods;
  • Real-time and offline power and energy management systems;
  • Integration of hydrogen into maritime energy systems;
  • Advances in hydrogen storage and utilization;
  • Environmental impact assessments of hydrogen-powered vessels;
  • Technological developments enhancing the efficiency and durability of hydrogen energy systems.

Dr. Peilin Xie
Dr. Sen Tan
Dr. Rosemary Norman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • maritime power systems
  • electrical propulsion systems
  • fuel cells
  • power management systems
  • energy management systems
  • energy storage systems
  • green hydrogen
  • hydrogen-fueled ships

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

44 pages, 2307 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Energy Management System for Fully Autonomous Vessels with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control via Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
by Harriet Laryea and Andrea Schiffauerova
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071293 - 30 Jun 2025
Abstract
This study presents a multi-objective predictive energy management system (EMS) for optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in autonomous marine vessels. The objective is to minimize fuel consumption and emissions while maximizing renewable energy usage and pure-electric sailing durations. The EMS combines nonlinear [...] Read more.
This study presents a multi-objective predictive energy management system (EMS) for optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in autonomous marine vessels. The objective is to minimize fuel consumption and emissions while maximizing renewable energy usage and pure-electric sailing durations. The EMS combines nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) with metaheuristic optimizers—Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)—and is benchmarked against a conventional rule-based (RB) method. The HRES architecture comprises photovoltaic arrays, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), diesel engines, generators, and a battery storage system. A ship dynamics model was used to represent propulsion power under realistic sea conditions. Simulations were conducted using real-world operational and environmental datasets, with state prediction enhanced by an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Performance is evaluated using marine-relevant indicators—fuel consumption; emissions; battery state of charge (SOC); and emission cost—and validated using standard regression metrics. The NMPC-GWO algorithm consistently outperformed both NMPC-GA and RB approaches, achieving high prediction accuracy and greater energy efficiency. These results confirm the reliability and optimization capability of predictive EMS frameworks in reducing emissions and operational costs in autonomous maritime operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Hybrid Power Systems for Marine Applications)
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23 pages, 6040 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Power Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Propulsion Ships Using Markov Chain-Based Operational Data Augmentation
by Su Bin Choi, Soon Ho Hong and Sun Je Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071219 - 25 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Since power demand varies due to uncertain environmental conditions, a deterministic power control strategy for hybrid electric propulsion ships contains a limitation in securing robust performance. To overcome this limitation, this study applies a stochastic power control strategy based on the augmented operational [...] Read more.
Since power demand varies due to uncertain environmental conditions, a deterministic power control strategy for hybrid electric propulsion ships contains a limitation in securing robust performance. To overcome this limitation, this study applies a stochastic power control strategy based on the augmented operational dataset. This study generated 150 datasets and derived the optimal control strategy set using a dynamic programming algorithm. By synthesizing a set of optimal control strategies, we divided them into a total of 10 bins according to the battery state of charge (SOC) and implemented a probabilistic map for the power distribution ratio according to the demanded power in each bin. Additionally, the memory and SOC correction factor were utilized to prevent frequent changes in power control and ensure that the SOC remains stable. This strategy resulted in a 3% improvement in efficiency compared to the deterministic method. In addition, it can be implemented in a real-time strategy utilizing stochastic maps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Hybrid Power Systems for Marine Applications)
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