Advancements in Low-Power Ubiquitous Sensing, Computing, and Communication Interfaces for IoT: Circuits, Systems, and Applications

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Interests: low-power electronics; neuromorphic architecture; inkjet-printed sensors; short-range wireless transmitter; analog reservoir-based edge computing; oscillatory neural network; machine learning; inductive link; wearable devices

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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The proliferation of sensors and sensor networks requires innovative approaches to sensing, computing, and communication. Sensors are integral in various aspects of our lives, from everyday activities to advanced healthcare, industrial automation, transportation, agriculture, security, and defense. These devices range from simple in-home temperature sensors to sophisticated brain–machine interfaces for prosthetic limbs. As technology continues to advance, we are entering an era of internet-connected devices, commonly referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), that is reshaping our lifestyles and work environments.

Projections indicate that over 41.0 billion IoT devices will be connected to existing networks by 2027, gathering data on our daily activities, work routines, movements, and the maintenance of essential machinery. IoT edge devices require key design features, including energy efficiency, distributed processing, security, and wireless connectivity. These features are crucial for enabling high-density data collection, real-time monitoring, assessment, and control operations. Addressing the challenges posed by contemporary cyber–physical systems will necessitate a multidisciplinary and transformative approach.

Dr. Mohammad Rafiqul Haider
Prof. Dr. Syed Kamrul Islam
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • IoT edge device
  • energy efficiency
  • local computing
  • security
  • wireless telemetry
  • cyber–physical system

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6129 KiB  
Article
OptimalNN: A Neural Network Architecture to Monitor Chemical Contamination in Cancer Alley
by Uchechukwu Leo Udeji and Martin Margala
J. Low Power Electron. Appl. 2024, 14(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea14020033 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1749
Abstract
The detrimental impact of toxic chemicals, gas, and oil spills in aquatic environments poses a severe threat to plants, animals, and human life. Regions such as Cancer Alley exemplify the profound consequences of inadequately controlled chemical spills, significantly affecting the local community. Given [...] Read more.
The detrimental impact of toxic chemicals, gas, and oil spills in aquatic environments poses a severe threat to plants, animals, and human life. Regions such as Cancer Alley exemplify the profound consequences of inadequately controlled chemical spills, significantly affecting the local community. Given the far-reaching effects of these spills, it has become imperative to devise an efficient method for early monitoring, estimation, and cleanup, utilizing affordable and effective techniques. In this research, we explore the application of U-shaped neural Network (UNET) and U-shaped neural network transformer (UNETR) neural network models designed for the image segmentation of chemical and oil spills. Our models undergo training using the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) dataset and the Oil Spill Detection dataset, employing a specialized filtering technique to enhance detection accuracy. We achieved training accuracies of 95.35% and 91% by applying UNET on the Oil Spill and the CSIRO datasets after 50 epochs of training, respectively. We also achieved a training accuracy of 75% by applying UNETR to the Oil Spill dataset. Additionally, we integrated mixed precision to expedite the model training process, thus maximizing data throughput. To further accelerate our implementation, we propose the utilization of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture. The results obtained from our study demonstrate improvements in inference latency on FPGA. Full article
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15 pages, 1776 KiB  
Article
Vehicle Detection in Adverse Weather: A Multi-Head Attention Approach with Multimodal Fusion
by Nujhat Tabassum and Mohamed El-Sharkawy
J. Low Power Electron. Appl. 2024, 14(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea14020023 - 13 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
In the realm of autonomous vehicle technology, the multimodal vehicle detection network (MVDNet) represents a significant leap forward, particularly in the challenging context of weather conditions. This paper focuses on the enhancement of MVDNet through the integration of a multi-head attention layer, aimed [...] Read more.
In the realm of autonomous vehicle technology, the multimodal vehicle detection network (MVDNet) represents a significant leap forward, particularly in the challenging context of weather conditions. This paper focuses on the enhancement of MVDNet through the integration of a multi-head attention layer, aimed at refining its performance. The integrated multi-head attention layer in the MVDNet model is a pivotal modification, advancing the network’s ability to process and fuse multimodal sensor information more efficiently. The paper validates the improved performance of MVDNet with multi-head attention through comprehensive testing, which includes a training dataset derived from the Oxford Radar RobotCar. The results clearly demonstrate that the multi-head MVDNet outperforms the other related conventional models, particularly in the average precision (AP) of estimation, under challenging environmental conditions. The proposed multi-head MVDNet not only contributes significantly to the field of autonomous vehicle detection but also underscores the potential of sophisticated sensor fusion techniques in overcoming environmental limitations. Full article
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