Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Hypertensive Heart Disease: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Acquired Cardiovascular Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 944

Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, BronxCare Health System, New York, NY 10457, USA
Interests: aortic aneurysm; aortic valve disease; cardiomyopathies; congestive heart failure; coronary heart disease; echocardiography; hypertensive heart disease; mitral valve disease
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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Mississippi, Southwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center, McComb, MS 39648, USA
Interests: echocardiography; heart failure; clinical cardiology; cardiovascular imaging; cardiovascular physiology; speckle tracking echocardiography; mitral valve

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hypertensive heart disease refers to a cluster of structural and functional changes in the left ventricle, left atrium, and coronary arteries as a result of chronic hypertension. Chronic elevated blood pressure increases the cardiac workload, resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy and/or fibrosis. It has been well established that left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current treatment follows standard hypertension guidelines for blood pressure control, as even the effects of pharmacotherapy on the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy are beneficial. While elevated blood pressure is a risk factor for hypertensive heart disease, only a small proportion of the variability in hypertensive heart disease can be explained by blood pressure alone. Other risk factors include older age, ethnicity, overweight status, physical inactivity, excess salt intake, smoking, alcohol, diabetes mellitus, and genetic predisposition. Clinical and hemodynamic stimuli to hypertensive heart disease induce fundamental reconfigurations of the molecular, cellular, and protein components of the endothelium and myocardium. A diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease is established using noninvasive cardiac imaging. Managing hypertensive heart disease is a multidisciplinary approach that includes lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and management of its complications, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease.

Dr. Jonathan Bella
Dr. Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hypertension
  • left ventricular hypertrophy
  • prognosis
  • genetics
  • echocardiography
  • non-invasive cardiac imaging
  • hypertension treatment
  • atrial fibrillation
  • heart failure
  • coronary artery disease

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Research

15 pages, 2038 KB  
Article
Paradoxical Trends in Hypertensive Heart Disease: Rising Burden in High-Sociodemographic-Index Regions Despite Healthcare Quality—An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis, 1992–2021
by Ngaba Neguemadji Ngardig, Jonathan N. Bella, Martial Nodjimadji Tamlengar, Amit Gulati, Anna Oneil, Riddick Osei Agyemang, Khaoula El Mardi, Gideon Gbemi, Shagun Thakur, Disha Jangra, Moiud Mohyeldin, Emamuzo Obaro Otobo, Nassim Krim, Sakshi Khurana, Imteyaz Ahmad Khan and Misbahuddin Khaja
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(8), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13080346 - 23 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a major global cause of cardiovascular mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). We used an age–period–cohort model to assess mortality and DALY trends (1992–2021) across sociodemographic regions and their association with healthcare quality. Using Global Burden of Disease [...] Read more.
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a major global cause of cardiovascular mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). We used an age–period–cohort model to assess mortality and DALY trends (1992–2021) across sociodemographic regions and their association with healthcare quality. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data (1992–2021), we applied an age–period–cohort model to HHD mortality and DALYs in adults aged 20–54 across SDI regions and examined associations with healthcare quality. HHD mortality and DALYs declined across most SDI regions over 29 years, with high-middle SDI females showing the greatest reductions (ASMR: −3.2% annually; ASDR: −2.9%). Conversely, high-SDI regions exhibited rises of ~1.7% and ~1.2% in males and females, respectively. Low-SDI regions maintained the highest absolute burden, with 2021 mortality rates 10-fold higher in males and 13.7-fold higher in females versus high-SDI regions, despite the steepest declines. The male-to-female mortality ratio ranged from 1.74× (high-middle SDI) to 1.14× (low SDI). Age-related patterns diverged markedly: high-SDI females showed a 46.7% risk decline for ages 20–54, while males experienced a 92–111% lifespan risk increase. Period effects showed pre-2002 peak risk in lower-SDI versus post-2002 increases in high-SDI regions (males: +36%; females: +24%). The 1997–2001 birth cohort in high-SDI regions showed the highest risk (males: RR 1.75–1.85; females: RR 1.45–1.50). No significant correlation was found between HHD burden and HAQI (ASMR: r = 0.40; ASDR: r = 0.42; p > 0.05). HHD remains a major global health concern, with rising burden in high-SDI regions and persistent male predominance. Healthcare quality alone is insufficient, highlighting the need for targeted prevention focused on modifiable risk factors in working-age adults. Full article
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