Plant–Insect Vector–Pathogen Interactions

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2025) | Viewed by 2996

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Agricultural Sciences-Spanish National Research Council (ICA-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
Interests: virus–vector–plant relationships; ecology of insect vectors; epidemiology and control of insect-transmitted plant pathogens; plant-insect resistance; integrated pest management
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Guest Editor Assistant
Institute of Agricultural Sciences-Spanish National Research Council (ICA-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
Interests: insect–plant pathogen interactions; biology, ecology and insects’ behaviour; control of vector-borne diseases; crop protection and integrated pest management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to contribute to this Special Issue that focuses on plant–insect vector–pathogen interactions. Literature shows that plant–insect–pathogen interactions are complex and are affected by multiple and intricate factors. This heterogenous research is rapidly evolving and has captured the attention of researchers from different backgrounds. Understanding the biology, ecology and behaviour of insects that act as vectors of plant pathogens is critical in the context of vector-borne diseases. Several features of insect vectors, such as population dynamics or transmission efficiency, are critical drivers of disease outbreaks. Furthermore, disrupting the life cycle of insect vectors with proper timing is essential for developing efficient integrated pest and disease management (IPM). Most research has been focused on hemipteran insects that act as vectors of plant viruses. However, due to the emergence of important plant diseases caused by insect-borne bacteria, an increasing number of studies focusing on plant pathogenic bacterium vector interactions have been published. Furthermore, recent literature highlights the importance of the role of root-feeding insects and the interaction with plant pathogenic fungi affecting plant performance and mortality.

Whilst this topic has been widely investigated, less attention has been paid to how abiotic factors impact complex interactions between plants insects and pathogens. In the context of climate change, abiotic factors such as elevated CO2, temperature and droughts are currently impacting all living organisms. The intensification of these abiotic stressors introduces an element of unpredictability in plant disease epidemics, directly impacting host plants, pathogens, insect vectors and the interactions between them. Therefore, research exploring the interplay between abiotic stressors enhanced by climate changes and interactions among plant, insects and pathogens is urgently needed.

This Special Issue seeks to gather knowledge and to attract researchers studying plant–insect–pathogen interactions at any level. Authors are welcomed to submit original research articles, perspectives, reviews, methodology and opinions.

Dr. Alberto Fereres
Guest Editor

Dr. Clara Lago
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • plant defence
  • insect feeding behaviour and plant responses
  • plant pathogen transmission
  • impact of climate change on vector borne diseases
  • insect feeding behaviour and transmission of plant pathogens
  • impact of diseases on crop yield

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3307 KiB  
Article
Lack of Vertical Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus and Sex-Associated Differences in Horizontal Transmission
by Victoria J. Hoyle, Mackenzi Schultz, Elliot J. McGinnity Schneider, Brandon G. Roy and Marc Fuchs
Insects 2024, 15(12), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15121014 - 21 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 712
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch is an emerging disease that threatens vineyard productions in North America. Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, species Grablovirus vitis, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae), the causal agent of red blotch disease, is transmitted by Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) [...] Read more.
Grapevine red blotch is an emerging disease that threatens vineyard productions in North America. Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, species Grablovirus vitis, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae), the causal agent of red blotch disease, is transmitted by Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in a circulative, non-propagative mode. To gain new insight into GRBV-S. festinus interactions, we delved into vertical transmission and documented a lack of transovarial transmission. In addition, we investigated S. festinus sex differences in the horizontal transmission of GRBV by creating small arenas with 30 detached trifoliates of common snap bean, an experimental host of GRBV, and a preferred feeding host of S. festinus. Tracking the movement of viruliferous males, females, or a combination of the two sexes over two weeks in replicated experiments demonstrated that male S. festinus dispersed more than females with specimens of both sexes predominantly grouping together on trifoliates spatially surrounding the trifoliate onto which they were released. These behaviors resulted in a greater rate of GRBV transmission by S. festinus males (17%, 20 of 120) than females (4%, 5 of 120) or mixed-sex cohorts (9%, 17 of 180). In arenas with aviruliferous S. festinus and one (single) or four (hotspot) GRBV-infected trifoliates out of 30 total trifoliates, a higher GRBV transmission rate by males was confirmed in both single infection (50%, 30 of 60) and hotspot infection (83%, 50 of 60) arenas than by females in single infection (35%, 21 of 60) and hotspot infection (67%, 40 of 60) arenas. These findings highlighted sex-associated differences in the transmission of GRBV by S. festinus and a positive correlation between the initial virus prevalence and the rate of transmission. Finally, the secondary spread of GRBV resulted primarily from S. festinus dispersal by walking or jumping. Together, these unique GRBV transmission features support the need to characterize dispersal behaviors of S. festinus in vineyard ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant–Insect Vector–Pathogen Interactions)
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15 pages, 2438 KiB  
Article
Non-Feeding Transmission Modes of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Do Not Contribute to Reoccurring Leaf Curl Outbreaks in Tomato
by Wendy G. Marchant, Judith K. Brown, Saurabh Gautam, Saptarshi Ghosh, Alvin M. Simmons and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
Insects 2024, 15(10), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100760 - 30 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1234
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes significant yield loss in tomato production in the southeastern United States and elsewhere. TYLCV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in a persistent, circulative, and non-propagative manner. Unexpectedly, transovarial and sexual transmission of [...] Read more.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes significant yield loss in tomato production in the southeastern United States and elsewhere. TYLCV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in a persistent, circulative, and non-propagative manner. Unexpectedly, transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV has been reported for one strain from Israel. In this study, the potential contribution of the B. tabaci B cryptic species transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV (Israel strain, Georgia variant, Georgia, USA) to reoccurring outbreaks was investigated by conducting whitefly-TYLCV transmission assays and virus DNA detection using end point PCR, DNA quantitation via real-time PCR, and virion detection by immunocapture PCR. TYLCV DNA was detectable in four, two, and two percent of first-generation fourth-instar nymphs, first-generation adults, and second-generation adults, respectively, following transovarial acquisition. Post-mating between viruliferous counterparts, the virus’s DNA was detected in four percent of males and undetectable in females. The accumulation of TYLCV DNA in whiteflies from the transovarial and/or sexual experiments was substantially lower (100 to 1000-fold) compared with whitefly adults allowed a 48-hr acquisition-access period on plants infected with TYLCV. Despite the detection of TYLCV DNA in whiteflies from the transovarial and/or mating experiments, the virions were undetectable by immunocapture PCR—a technique specifically designed to detect virions. Furthermore, tomato test plants exposed to whitefly adults that presumably acquired TYLCV transovarially or through mating remained free of detectable TYLCV DNA. Collectively, the extremely low levels of TYLCV DNA and complete absence of virions detected in whiteflies and the inability of the B. tabaci cryptic species B to transmit TYLCV to test tomato plants following transovarial and mating acquisition indicate that neither transovarial nor sexual transmission of TYLCV are probable or epidemiologically relevant for TYLCV persistence in this pathosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant–Insect Vector–Pathogen Interactions)
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