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Immuno
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Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators
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Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators

A special issue of Immuno (ISSN 2673-5601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 8634

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bashar Saad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine and Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baga Algharbiya, Israel
Interests: anti-inflammatory; Immunomodulatory medicinal plants; in vitro biological assessment
Prof. Dr. Badiaa Lyoussi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Interests: honeybee products; isolation; structure elucidation; biological assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The therapeutic and health-promoting use of natural products—compounds that are derived from natural origin such as plants, animals, or microorganisms—precedes recorded history, most likely by thousands of years. They are the source of many medicines used in modern medicine. Due to the growing demand for novel drugs, especially in the face of major global health challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and the limited efficacy of chemotherapeutics, the vast reservoir of natural compounds represents a promising source for a plethora of new drugs needed to combat humanity’s greatest challenges. Furthermore, the efficacy of natural products can be increased by applying novel extraction, biochemical, and cell biological and genomic techniques.

Immunomodulators are one such class of naturally derived products that can influence both the innate and adaptive immunity. They can act as immunostimulants or immunosuppressants. Immunostimulants can be used as vaccine adjuvants and anti-cancer agents as well as to prevent infections in humans, whereas immunosuppressants can counteract immune hypersensitivities, autoimmunity, cancer immunotherapy, and organ transplant rejection. Since the available pharmaceuticals tend to be expensive and exhibit side effects, new candidate drugs are urgently needed.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to submit high-quality original research papers, comprehensive review articles, or short communications on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory medicinal plants and their derived immunomodulators. Research articles that address all aspects of this field using a combination of different novel technologies or combinations of novel and conventional technologies are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Bashar Saad
Prof. Dr. Badiaa Lyoussi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Immuno is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural products
  • plants
  • phytochemical
  • immunostimulant
  • immunosuppressant
  • biological response modifiers
  • natural plant extracts
  • inflammatory agents
  • immunomodulatory agents

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3955 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Callus Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages
by Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim and So-Hyeon Baek
Immuno 2024, 4(2), 131-146; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4020009 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Resveratrol and its derivative piceid exhibit a wide spectrum of health-promoting bioactivities. A resveratrol-enriched variety of Dongjin rice (DJ526) has been developed by transfection of a resveratrol biosynthesis gene, and increased resveratrol content has been confirmed in seeds following germination. In the current [...] Read more.
Resveratrol and its derivative piceid exhibit a wide spectrum of health-promoting bioactivities. A resveratrol-enriched variety of Dongjin rice (DJ526) has been developed by transfection of a resveratrol biosynthesis gene, and increased resveratrol content has been confirmed in seeds following germination. In the current study, these resveratrol-enriched seeds were induced to produce callus, and callus extracts were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Callus cultures contained greater amounts of resveratrol and piceid than DJ526 seeds, and treatment with DJ526 callus extract significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by RAW264.7 macrophages. The inflammation-related nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were also inhibited in DJ526 callus extract-treated RAW264.7 cells, resulting in downregulation of proinflammatory factor genes COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Expression of the LPS-binding toll-like receptor-4 was also markedly reduced in DJ526 callus extract-treated cells compared to DJ callus extract-treated cells. These findings demonstrate increased resveratrol and piceid content by callus culture of DJ526 rice seeds and the potent anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol-enriched callus extract. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators)
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12 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Adipogenesis Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris L., Salvia officinalis L., and Vitis vinifera L. in THP-1-Derived Macrophages and 3T3-L1 Cell Line
by Bayan Mansour, Nora Shaheen, Abdalsalam Kmail, Nawal Haggag, Salah Saad, Omar Sadiq, Ramez Zaid and Bashar Saad
Immuno 2023, 3(2), 148-159; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno3020010 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1839
Abstract
The production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 were measured to determine the anti-inflammatory and antiadipogenic effects of ethanolic extracts of [...] Read more.
The production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 were measured to determine the anti-inflammatory and antiadipogenic effects of ethanolic extracts of verjuice (unripe grape juice (Vitis vinifera L.)), Salvia officinalis L., and Alchemilla vulgaris L. On both cell lines, the three extracts had much greater cytostatic effects than cytotoxic effects. With an IC50 of 505 μg/mL, S. officinalis had the highest cytostatic effect on THP-1-derived macrophages. After treatment with 125 μg/mL, the three extracts dramatically reduced the LPS-induced NO generation in THP-1-derived macrophages from 80 μM to control values after treatment with 125 µg/mL. Furthermore, the extracts reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner with the highest effects reached at 250 µg/mL. The production of TNF-α decreased at higher levels compared to IL-6 production. V. vinifera, S. officinalis, and A. vulgaris extracts improved the production levels of IL-10 from 32 pg/mL to 86 pg/mL, 98 pg/mL, and 80 pg/mL at an extract concentration of 125 µg/mL, respectively. The adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 were decreased to 20% of control values after treatment with plant extracts. Taken together, these results suggest that V. vinifera, S. officinalis, and A. vulgaris likely exert their anti-obesity effects through cytostatic actions and modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, as well as by reducing adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators)
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17 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from Pistacia lentiscus var. chia
by Katerina Spyridopoulou, Georgios Aindelis, Georgia Kolezaki, Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti and Katerina Chlichlia
Immuno 2023, 3(1), 57-73; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno3010005 - 13 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2752
Abstract
Mastic oil (MO) is extracted from the resin of the bark of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, a tree abundantly grown in the Greek island of Chios. Various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant, have been associated with the dietary intake of [...] Read more.
Mastic oil (MO) is extracted from the resin of the bark of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, a tree abundantly grown in the Greek island of Chios. Various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant, have been associated with the dietary intake of MO. However, little is known about MO’s potential anti-inflammatory effects, while some of its main chemical constituents were reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assay the bioactivity of MO on in vitro and in vivo experimental inflammation models, in particular on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, murine primary peritoneal macrophages and a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis in BALB/c mice. The per os administration of MO inhibited the recruitment of macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of zymosan-treated mice, but did not affect neutrophil mobilisation or the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α in the peritoneal fluid. Similarly, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in primary LPS-stimulated macrophages was not affected by MO, but the levels of phosphoproteins that activate inflammation in macrophages were differentially regulated. Finally, MO and some of its individual constituents reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α levels in supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and inhibited their phagocytosis rate. Our data imply that MO may promote an anti-inflammatory transition in macrophages due to the combined bioactivities of its individual constituents. Thus, as a mixture of various compounds, MO seems to affect multiple molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of inflammation. Therefore, more research, focusing on MO’s individual constituents and employing various pre-clinical inflammation models that activate different mechanisms, is required for a detailed investigation of the oil’s potential anti-inflammatory activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators)
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Review

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13 pages, 1100 KiB  
Review
Medicinal Plant Enriched Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoemulsion for Inflammation Treatment: A Narrative Review on Current Status and Future Perspective
by Aditi Mitra Puja, Eshrat Jahan Rupa, Yeon Ju Kim and Deok-Chun Yang
Immuno 2023, 3(2), 182-194; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno3020012 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2378
Abstract
Inflammation is considered a natural reaction of the immune system that can be caused by several factors such as pathogens, chemical substances, and damaged cells. Since the classical era, therapeutic substances have been made from medicinal plants. According to recent studies, nanotechnology provides [...] Read more.
Inflammation is considered a natural reaction of the immune system that can be caused by several factors such as pathogens, chemical substances, and damaged cells. Since the classical era, therapeutic substances have been made from medicinal plants. According to recent studies, nanotechnology provides a fresh approach to maintaining the standard quality, distribution, and bioactivity of therapeutic compounds. This review emphasizes the anti-inflammatory effects of green, synthetic, plant-based nanoparticles and nanoemulsions. A reduction of the dosage of anti-inflammatory medications and an improved therapeutic impact is highly desirable with an efficient drug delivery method. Along with the discussion of nanotechnology of medicinal plant-based anti-inflammatory effects, this review also offers a perspective view of the use of nanoparticles and nanoemulsions in inflammatory diseases in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Medicinal Plants and Their Derived Immunomodulators)
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