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Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders
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Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11750

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anna Mosiołek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
2. Institute of Psychology Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5 Street, 01-815 Warszawa, Poland
Interests: diagnosis and therapy of depression and psychosis; cognitive impairment in mental illness and borderline disorder

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The treatment of psychotic disorders is one of the most serious therapeutic challenges in psychiatry. Treatment can include drug therapy, non-pharmacological approaches such as rTMS, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychotherapeutic interactions. Modern diagnostics would enable us to perform a treatment that is more tailored to the patient's needs. We currently have a relatively wide choice of antipsychotic drugs. They can be administered both orally and intramuscularly in the form of long-acting injections. They differ in the mechanism of action, the effect on individual symptoms, and side effects. Psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions in psychotic patients are usually undertaken after acute psychotic symptoms have subsided. The disease of one family member affects everyone around them. The costs of untreated and inadequately treated psychotic disorders are borne by society as a whole. Therefore, new disease control strategies are urgently needed. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders. 

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Inflammatory factors in psychotic disorders;
  2. The mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs;
  3. The social cost of psychotic disorders;
  4. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence and course of psychotic disorders;
  5. Adverse effects of non-cooperative behaviors in psychotic disorders;
  6. Future perspectives for the treatment of psychotic disorders;
  7. The role of non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of psychotic disorders.

Dr. Anna Mosiołek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • psychotic disorders
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • pharmacotherapy
  • psychotherapy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 373 KiB  
Article
“It’s That They Treated Me Like an Object”: A Qualitative Study on the Participation of People Diagnosed with Psychotic Disorders in Their Health Care
by Amelia Villena-Jimena, José Miguel Morales-Asencio, Casta Quemada and María M. Hurtado
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054614 - 5 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1600
Abstract
The mental health recovery model is based on shared decision making, in which patients’ preferences and perceptions of the care received are taken into account. However, persons with psychosis usually have very few opportunities to participate in this process. The present study explores [...] Read more.
The mental health recovery model is based on shared decision making, in which patients’ preferences and perceptions of the care received are taken into account. However, persons with psychosis usually have very few opportunities to participate in this process. The present study explores the experiences and perceptions of a group of patients with psychosis—in some cases longstanding, in others more recently diagnosed—concerning their participation in the decisions taken about the approach to their condition and about the attention received from healthcare professionals and services. For this purpose, we performed a qualitative analysis of the outcomes derived from five focus groups and six in-depth interviews (36 participants). Two major themes, with five sub-themes, were identified: shared decision-making (drug-centred approach, negotiation process, and lack of information) and the care environment and styles of clinical practice as determinants (aggressive versus person-centred environments, and styles of professional practice). The main conclusions drawn are that users want to participate more in decision making, they want to be offered a range of psychosocial options from the outset and that their treatment should be based on accessibility, humanity and respect. These findings are in line with the guidelines for clinical practice and should be taken into account in the design of care programmes and the organisation of services for persons with psychosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)
13 pages, 1721 KiB  
Article
Factors Contributing to Risk of Persistence of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia during Hospitalization
by Grzegorz Witkowski, Piotr Januszko, Michał Skalski, Anna Mach, Zbigniew Maciej Wawrzyniak, Ewa Poleszak, Bogdan Ciszek and Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054592 - 5 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1369
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate factors that may contribute to the persistence of positive, negative and other psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia. All patients were treated in general psychiatric wards between January 2006 and December 2017. The initial study sample comprised [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to evaluate factors that may contribute to the persistence of positive, negative and other psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia. All patients were treated in general psychiatric wards between January 2006 and December 2017. The initial study sample comprised of the medical reports of 600 patients. The main, specified inclusion criterion for the study was schizophrenia as a discharge diagnosis. Medical reports of 262 patients were excluded from the study due to no neuroimaging scans being available. The symptoms were categorised into three groups: positive, negative, and other psychopathological symptoms. The statistical analysis comprised modalities such as demographic data, clinical symptoms, as well as neuroimaging scans linking them to a potential impact of sustaining the mentioned groups of symptoms during the period of hospitalization. The analysis revealed that statistically significant risk factors of persistence of the three groups of symptoms are the elderly age, the increasing toll of hospitalizations, suicidal attempts in medical history, a family history of alcohol abuse, the presence of positive, negative and other psychopathological symptoms on admission to the hospital, as well as the absence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). The study showed that addiction to psychotropic drugs and a family history of schizophrenia were more frequent in patients with persistent CSP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)
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10 pages, 358 KiB  
Article
The Structure of Temperament in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia
by Kasper Sipowicz, Kamila Łuczyńska, Bartłomiej Bąk, Kacper Deska, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała, Tadeusz Pietras, Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik, Elżbieta Małujło-Balcerska and Marcin Kosmalski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032119 - 24 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
The onset of schizophrenia symptoms usually occurs in early youth. As a result, the parents of these patients usually become their caregivers. The role of a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia is a considerable mental and physical burden. Therefore, an interesting issue [...] Read more.
The onset of schizophrenia symptoms usually occurs in early youth. As a result, the parents of these patients usually become their caregivers. The role of a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia is a considerable mental and physical burden. Therefore, an interesting issue is what motivates these people to take up this challenge. It is probable that, apart from the moral imperative or kinship, the factor determining this decision is the personality structure of the caregiver. The aim of our study was to compare the structure of temperament (according to the model of temperament as formal characteristics of behavior developed by Jan Strelau) in caregivers of young adults (age 18–25 years) with schizophrenia with the structure of temperament of parents of healthy young adults still living in the family home under their care. The study group consisted of 64 people (51 women), who were taking care of young adults (aged 18–25 years) with schizophrenia, while the control group (53 people, 42 women) consisted of parents of healthy adults still living in the family home. Both groups were asked to complete a questionnaire of the authors’ own design on their demographic data as well as The Formal Characteristics of Behavior—Temperament Inventory to assess the temperament traits. The results were given in the number of points obtained on average in each dimension. Both groups did not differ in terms of size and age, with women predominating. Caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia had higher values of briskness (43.22 ± 4.45 vs. 42.90 ± 3.98, p = 0.032), emotional reactivity (46.02 ± 4.39 vs. 41.01 ± 3.12, p = 0.012) and activity level (44.01.89 ± 4.15 vs. 37.59 ± 4.77, p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The remaining dimensions of temperament: perseverance, sensory sensitivity, rhythmicity, and endurance did not differentiate between the two groups. The temperament structure of caregivers of young people with schizophrenia differs from the temperament structure of caregivers of healthy adults. Caregivers of sick people have higher values of briskness, emotional reactivity, and activity level compared to the control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)
13 pages, 388 KiB  
Article
Psychopathology and Stem Cell Mobilization in Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis and First-Episode Psychosis Patients
by Katarzyna Waszczuk, Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur, Ernest Tyburski, Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń, Piotr Plichta, Krzysztof Rudkowski, Piotr Podwalski, Tomasz Grąźlewski, Monika Mak, Błażej Misiak, Anna Michalczyk, Maciej Tarnowski, Katarzyna Sielatycka, Angelika Szczęśniak, Karolina Łuczkowska, Barbara Dołęgowska, Marta Budkowska, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak and Jerzy Samochowiec
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6001; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106001 - 15 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
Although regenerative and inflammatory processes are involved in the etiopathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders, their roles are poorly understood. We investigate the potential role of stem cells (SC) and factors influencing the trafficking thereof, such as complement cascade (CC) components, phospholipid substrates, and [...] Read more.
Although regenerative and inflammatory processes are involved in the etiopathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders, their roles are poorly understood. We investigate the potential role of stem cells (SC) and factors influencing the trafficking thereof, such as complement cascade (CC) components, phospholipid substrates, and chemokines, in the etiology of schizophrenia. We measured sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), and CC cleavage fragments (C3a, C5a, and C5b-C9; also known as the membrane attack complex) in the peripheral blood of 49 unrelated patients: 9 patients with ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), 22 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 18 healthy controls (HC). When compared with the HC group, the UHR and FEP groups had higher levels of C3a. We found no significant differences in hematopoietic SC, very small embryonic-like stem cell (VSEL), C5a, S1P, or SDF-1 levels in the UHR and FEP groups. However, among FEP patients, there was a significant positive correlation between VSELs (CD133+) and negative symptoms. These preliminary findings support the role of the immune system and regenerative processes in the etiology of schizophrenia. To establish the relevance of SC and other factors affecting the trafficking thereof as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia, more studies on larger groups of individuals from across the disease spectrum are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)

Review

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15 pages, 634 KiB  
Review
The Effects of Treatment in Psychotic Disorders—Changes in BDNF Levels and Clinical Outcomes: Systematic Review
by Anna Mosiołek and Jadwiga Mosiołek
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2111; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032111 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are associated with significant impairment in functioning, and their treatment remains a great therapeutic challenge. Patients are at a higher risk of suicide and premature mortality. Biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a vital role in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. [...] Read more.
Psychotic disorders are associated with significant impairment in functioning, and their treatment remains a great therapeutic challenge. Patients are at a higher risk of suicide and premature mortality. Biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a vital role in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. Decreased levels of BDNF alter neuronal signaling and cause the appearance of symptoms such as the impairment of working memory. A literature search was performed using the PubMed data base. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 original articles were selected. We collected available data showcasing the influence of antipsychotic and non-pharmacological treatments, in patients suffering from psychotic disorders, on clinical conditions and BDNF levels in serum or plasma. In this review, we outline emerging data regarding the influence of different antipsychotic drugs and non-pharmacological treatment methods on BDNF and discuss their role as predictors of treatment outcome. Most studies conducted with antipsychotics saw an increase in BDNF levels; however, no positive correlation between change in BDNF and PANSS scores was observed. Studies based on non-pharmacological methods varied based on the treatment applied. Therefore, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)
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9 pages, 317 KiB  
Review
The Impact of the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic on the Incidence of First Psychotic Spectrum Disorders
by Kacper Łoś, Joanna Kulikowska and Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3781; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073781 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
The effects of COVID-19 on the human body are not yet understood enough. Medical history provides information on cases of psychiatric symptoms during viral infections in the 20th century, such as the influenza pandemic. Currently, it is observed that there is an increasing [...] Read more.
The effects of COVID-19 on the human body are not yet understood enough. Medical history provides information on cases of psychiatric symptoms during viral infections in the 20th century, such as the influenza pandemic. Currently, it is observed that there is an increasing number of new psychiatric disorders in previously healthy individuals. In addition, because of the decreased amount of reporting to health care providers, including psychiatrists, many physicians suggest that the number of neuropsychiatric disorders may be underestimated. In this paper, we review available studies on the occurrence of first-time psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD) in individuals related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reviewed studies suggest that first-time psychotic disorder in COVID-19 patients is statistically significantly more frequent compared to influenza, as well as to other respiratory infections. The emergence of new PSDs is explained by direct neurotropism of the virus on the one hand and by immunological mechanisms on the other. The main conclusions of this review should be treated with caution, and future research on this topic is needed. The authors recognize the particular need to develop standardized laboratory panels that include inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays to entirely understand the etiology of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the pandemic itself. In addition, public health efforts are required to promote mental health, especially during COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Advances in Psychotic Disorders)
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