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Effect of Smoking on Oral Health
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Effect of Smoking on Oral Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Statistics and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2021) | Viewed by 9743

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
Interests: surgical; oncological; stomatological disciplines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effects of smoking, especially if prolonged over time, cause significant alterations in oral health. Risk of periodontitis and teeth missing is increased significantly by long-term smoking, poor oral hygiene, and poor diet. The destruction of periodontal tissue by smoking and the unfavorable clinical course of periodontal disease have been reported in cigarette-smoking patients. Data from existing studies point to smoking and diabetes as biological-associated factors for peri-implantitis. In addition, smoking is a risk factor for persistent oral HPV and candida infection, and oral HPV infection may be associated with increased concentrations of salivary IgG and lysozyme. Smoking is also a risk factor in numerous pathologies of the oral mucosa, such as oral cancer. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between smoking and human health. New research papers, reviews, case reports, and conference papers are welcome to this issue.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral health
  • smoking habit
  • periodontal disease
  • oral cancer
  • oral microcirculation
  • peri-implant health
  • oral surgery
  • ONJ
  • tooth restoration
  • periapical periodontitis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
Decreased Levels of Soluble CD44 in a High-Risk Population following a Smoking Cessation Program
by Drew H. Smith, Shahm Raslan, Isildinha M. Reis, Abdurrahman Al-Awady, Isabella Buitron, Melanie Perez, Huaping Liu, Jerri Halgowich, Claudia Gordon, Monica Webb Hooper, Noël C. Barengo and Elizabeth J. Franzmann
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413174 - 14 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Tobacco is a risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC) and smoking cessation alone may reduce HNC risk by 70%. Soluble CD44 (solCD44), a cell surface receptor linked to cell proliferation and migration, and total protein (TP) levels can detect early HNC. [...] Read more.
Tobacco is a risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC) and smoking cessation alone may reduce HNC risk by 70%. Soluble CD44 (solCD44), a cell surface receptor linked to cell proliferation and migration, and total protein (TP) levels can detect early HNC. This study aims to determine whether salivary solCD44 and TP levels in oral rinses change following a smoking cessation program. 150 smokers provided oral rinse samples at baseline and at a 12-month follow-up after participation in a smoking cessation program. Assays to measure levels of solCD44, TP, and cotinine, a metabolite used as a biomarker of tobacco exposure, were completed. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) mean difference in biomarker levels before and after the program. Baseline and at 12-month follow-up data were available for 88 subjects, 21 of whom quit smoking entirely. Mean levels of solCD44 significantly decreased by 0.412 ng/mL from baseline to the 12-month follow-up, p = 0.010. There was no significant difference in mean TP levels, p = 0.975. Mean cotinine levels decreased significantly by 74.7 ng/mL, p = 0.035. This is the first work demonstrating an association between smoking cessation and decreased solCD44 levels in oral rinses. Decreased expression of the tumorigenic CD44 may be one mechanism by which smoking cessation lowers cancer risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Smoking on Oral Health)

Review

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16 pages, 1214 KiB  
Review
Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
by Naveed Ahmed, Sohaib Arshad, Syed Nahid Basheer, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Charu Mohan Marya, Pratibha Taneja, Pietro Messina, Chan Yean Yean and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111003 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6255
Abstract
Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking [...] Read more.
Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a variety of oral and systemic diseases. Various periodontal issues such as increased pocket depth, loss of alveolar bone, tooth mobility, oral lesions, ulcerations, halitosis, and stained teeth are more common among smokers. This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines from PRISMA, and research articles were retrieved from the Web database sources on 31 May 2021. The quality of research articles was ensured by the type of evidence from combined schema incorporating as schema-13 evidence type description, Cochrane health promotion and public health field (CHPPHF), and the health gains notation framework-14 screening question for quality assessment of qualitative and quantitative studies. Smokers have been found to have bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss compared to nonsmokers. Oral and respiratory cancers are among the most lethal known diseases caused by cigarette smoking and other commonly occurring sequelae such as stained teeth, periodontal diseases, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Smoking on Oral Health)
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