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The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease
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The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 7049

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Omar Ramos-Lopez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
Interests: nutrition; obesity; diet; chronic diseases; genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet contributes to the development of many chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, some cancers, and neurological diseases. The prevalence of these conditions is proliferating not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, accounting for a high proportion of deaths globally.

The studied dietary factors associated with chronic diseases include regional dietary patterns, the consumption of specific foods or food groups (i.e., whole grains, vegetables, red meats, dairy products, etc.), and the intake of macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates, protein, fiber), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.). These relationships depend on several factors such as the dosage, time of exposition, bioavailability, and food preparation processes.

This Special Issue of Healthcare is dedicated to addressing the association between these dietary features and the prevalence/occurrence of chronic diseases, welcoming original research articles and reviews on humans and experimental models.

Dr. Omar Ramos-Lopez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • dietary pattern
  • food consumption
  • chronic disease
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • liver disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • nutrition
  • nutrient

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 493 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Diabetes-Related Knowledge and Dietary Patterns Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Central Saudi Arabia: Insights for Tailored Health Education Strategies
by Aseel Awad Alsaidan, Mohammed Ibrahim Alanazi and Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu
Healthcare 2025, 13(3), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030233 - 24 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Understanding the knowledge and dietary patterns of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is essential to identify gaps and design tailored health education strategies to improve self-management and clinical outcomes. We assessed the diabetes-related dietary patterns, knowledge, and associated [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Understanding the knowledge and dietary patterns of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is essential to identify gaps and design tailored health education strategies to improve self-management and clinical outcomes. We assessed the diabetes-related dietary patterns, knowledge, and associated factors of T2DM patients. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design, surveying 363 T2DM patients using a validated and pretested questionnaire. Knowledge levels were categorized as low (<50%), medium (50–75%), and high (>75%), and dietary patterns were classified as unhealthy (<34%), moderately healthy (34–67%), and healthy (>67%). We analyzed the data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23.0). The authors tested the relationship between diabetes-related dietary patterns and knowledge with Spearman’s analysis. The multivariate regression approach established the factors associated with these two components. Results: The findings revealed that 36.4% of participants had low knowledge, 34.4% had medium knowledge, and only 29.2% demonstrated high knowledge. Regarding dietary patterns, 34.4% were categorized as unhealthy, 33.3% as moderately healthy, and 32.3% as healthy. The authors found that these two domains were positively correlated (rho = 0.649, p = 0.001). Diabetes-related knowledge was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.018), duration of diabetes (p = 0.001), and patients with a family history of T2DM (p = 0.007). The dietary pattern was significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), duration of diabetes (p = 0.032), and presence of other chronic diseases (p = 0.028). Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for targeted health education strategies that address gaps in dietary knowledge and promote healthier eating behaviors among T2DM patients in Central Saudi Arabia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease)
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16 pages, 1026 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Markers in Subjects with Obesity: A Randomized Active Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Joel Torres-Vanegas, Roberto Rodríguez-Echevarría, Wendy Campos-Pérez, Sarai Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes, Samantha Desireé Reyes-Pérez, Mariana Pérez-Robles and Erika Martínez-López
Healthcare 2025, 13(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020103 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (n-3), are essential in anti-inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary intervention along with supplementation of 1.8 g of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (n-3), are essential in anti-inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary intervention along with supplementation of 1.8 g of marine n-3 PUFAs on anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory markers in adults. Methods: An 8-week double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with a diet (200 kcal/day reduction each 4 weeks based on the estimated basal caloric expenditure) containing a n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ≤ 5:1, along with daily 1.8 g of marine n-3 supplementation (EPA and DHA) vs. active placebo 1.6 g (ALA). A total of 40 subjects were included in the study, 21 in the marine omega-3 group and 19 in the active placebo group. Inclusion criteria included subjects aged 25 to 50 years with obesity as determined by body mass index (BMI) and/or abdominal obesity according to ATP III criteria. Results: The marine omega-3 supplemented group had a better effect compared to the active placebo group, increasing Resolvin D1 [129.3 (−90.1–193.5) vs. −16.8 (−237.8–92.5) pg/mL, p = 0.041], IL-10 [1.4 (−0.7–4.6) vs. −2.0 (−5–0.05) pg/mL, p = 0.001], and decreasing IL-6 [−0.67 (2.72–−0.59) vs. 0.03 (−0.59–1.84) pg/mL, p = 0.015], and MCP-1 [−29.6 (−94.9–5.50) vs. 18.3 (−97.3–66.35) pg/mL, p = 0.040]. Conclusions: A diet supplemented with marine n-3 improves inflammatory markers by increasing systemic levels of Resolvin D1 and IL-10 and decreasing IL-6 and MCP-1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease)
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13 pages, 1575 KiB  
Article
The Role of Diet and Physical Activity in Shaping COVID-19 Severity: Design, Validation, and Application of a Retrospective Questionnaire
by Francisco Vásquez-Aguilar, Marcela de Jesús Vergara-Jiménez, Oscar G. Figueroa-Salcido, Jesús Gilberto Arámburo-Gálvez, Feliznando Isidro Cárdenas-Torres, Noé Ontiveros, Erika Martínez-López and Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
Healthcare 2024, 12(8), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12080813 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
After the global challenges posed by COVID-19, researchers strived to identify risk factors for severe cases, which lead to various complications—including death. Lifestyle modifications, such as implementing a healthy diet and recommended physical activity, have been shown to be protective against severe COVID-19 [...] Read more.
After the global challenges posed by COVID-19, researchers strived to identify risk factors for severe cases, which lead to various complications—including death. Lifestyle modifications, such as implementing a healthy diet and recommended physical activity, have been shown to be protective against severe COVID-19 cases. Despite an association of a plant-based diet with reduced COVID-19 severity, specific dietary characteristics have not been identified. Also, the methodology for measuring physical activity is variable, with studies overlooking the intensity or the habit components of physical activity. To bridge this gap, our study designed, validated, and applied a retrospective questionnaire with aims of exploring the relationship between lifestyle factors, specifically diet and physical activity, and severe COVID-19. We considered the intensity and years of physical activity habit, which is a limitation of other questionnaires. Results reveal associations of age and BMI with severe COVID-19. An excessive sugar diet was found to be associated with severe COVID-19 and increased symptom duration. We also observed an inverse relationship pattern of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity across case severity, which is absent in walking physical activity. This study lays a foundation for research aiming to identify lifestyle factors that prevent severe COVID-19 cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease)
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13 pages, 849 KiB  
Article
Dietary Intake of Capsaicin and Its Association with Markers of Body Adiposity and Fatty Liver in a Mexican Adult Population of Tijuana
by Yesenia Martínez-Aceviz, Ana Alondra Sobrevilla-Navarro and Omar Ramos-Lopez
Healthcare 2023, 11(22), 3001; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11223001 - 20 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2244
Abstract
Background: Capsaicin (CAP) is the main chemical component responsible for the pungency (burning pain) of the chili plant (capsicum spp.), whose metabolic functions include energy balance and fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of dietary [...] Read more.
Background: Capsaicin (CAP) is the main chemical component responsible for the pungency (burning pain) of the chili plant (capsicum spp.), whose metabolic functions include energy balance and fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of dietary capsaicin consumption with markers of adiposity and fatty liver in a Mexican adult population. Methods: This cross-sectional/analytical study recruited 221 subjects aged 18 to 65 years who were resident in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The daily CAP intake was analyzed through a validated chili/CAP consumption questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed following standardized protocols. Adjusted Pearson’s correlations were applied to analyze the association of CAP with adiposity and fatty liver markers. Results: In this study, the daily average consumption of CAP was 152.44 mg. The dietary CAP consumption positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.179, p = 0.003), hip circumference (r = 0.176, p = 0.004) and body adiposity index (r = 0.181, p = 0.001. Likewise, the daily CAP intake positively correlated with hepatic steatosis index (r = 0.158, p = 0.004), fatty liver index (r = 0.141, p = 0.003) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.194, p = 0.016) after statistical settings. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest positive associations between dietary CAP consumption and the markers of body adiposity and fatty liver in a Mexican adult population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Association Between Dietary Intake, Food Consumption and Chronic Disease)
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