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Geriatrics
Special Issues
Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias
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Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias

A special issue of Geriatrics (ISSN 2308-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 23262

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raksha A. Mudar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Interests: aging; mild cognitive impairment; EEG; event-related potentials; event-related spectral perturbations; cognitive control; semantic processing; cognitive training; social engagement
Dr. Daniel Llano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Interests: aging sensory systems; interactions between sensory loss and dementia; multivariate assessment of biomarkers (cognitive, serum, CSF, and imaging)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia on cognitive, physical, social, emotional, and economic wellbeing and the quality of life of older adults and their families is a major cause of public health concern worldwide. Although we have made major advances over the last few decades in the early identification of MCI and dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders and both pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention approaches are being explored, much remains to be learned. Gaining a transdisciplinary perspective on the current status of research on early identification and potential interventions would allow us to leverage these advances to more effectively address the needs of older adults with MCI and dementia and their families.

We seek submissions for this Special Issue of Geriatrics focused on mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias, on a wide range of topics from behavioral and neural biomarkers to novel intervention approaches. Submissions may include original research articles or comprehensive reviews and will undergo formal peer review.

Dr. Raksha A. Mudar
Dr. Daniel Llano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geriatrics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mild cognitive impairment
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • biomarker
  • cognitive alterations
  • sensory aging
  • interventions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2556 KiB  
Article
Disrupted Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Behavioral and Neural Correlates
by Lydia T. Nguyen, Elizabeth A. Lydon, Shraddha A. Shende, Daniel A. Llano and Raksha A. Mudar
Geriatrics 2022, 7(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7030056 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
Value-directed strategic processing involves attending to higher-value information while inhibiting lower-value information. This preferential processing is relatively preserved in cognitively normal older adults but is impaired in individuals with dementia. No studies have investigated whether value-directed strategic processing is disrupted in earlier stages [...] Read more.
Value-directed strategic processing involves attending to higher-value information while inhibiting lower-value information. This preferential processing is relatively preserved in cognitively normal older adults but is impaired in individuals with dementia. No studies have investigated whether value-directed strategic processing is disrupted in earlier stages of cognitive decline, namely, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined behavioral and EEG differences in value-directed strategic processing between 18 individuals with MCI and 18 cognitively normal older controls using a value-directed list learning task. Behaviorally, individuals with MCI recalled fewer total and high-value words compared to controls, but no group differences were observed in low-value word recall. Neurally, individuals with MCI had reduced theta synchronization relative to controls between 100 and 200 ms post-stimulus. Greater alpha desynchronization was observed for high- versus low-value words between 300 and 400 ms in controls but not in the MCI group. The groups showed some processing similarities, with greater theta synchronization for low-value words between 700 and 800 ms and greater alpha desynchronization for high-value words between 500 and 1100 ms. Overall, value-directed strategic processing was compromised in individuals with MCI on both behavioral and neural measures relative to controls. These findings add to the growing body of literature on differences between typical cognitive aging and MCI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias)
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11 pages, 911 KiB  
Article
Translation, Adaptation and Validation of the Five-Word Test (Test Delle 5 Parole, T5P) in an Italian Sample: A Rapid Screening for the Assessment of Memory Impairment
by Elisabetta Farina, Francesca Borgnis, Susanna Scioli, Alessia d’Arma, Alessandra D’Amico and Francesca Lea Saibene
Geriatrics 2022, 7(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7020049 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3462
Abstract
Discriminating between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional memory disorders (FMD) can sometimes be difficult because amnesic syndrome can be confused with memory dysfunction due to aging and/or depression. This work aims to translate, adapt and validate the five-word test [...] Read more.
Discriminating between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional memory disorders (FMD) can sometimes be difficult because amnesic syndrome can be confused with memory dysfunction due to aging and/or depression. This work aims to translate, adapt and validate the five-word test (FWT) in an Italian sample (Test delle 5 Parole, T5P). FWT is a screening memory task specifically built to discriminate the hippocampal memory deficit—typical of AD and amnesic MCI—from those related to functional disorders. We involved a large number of subjects (n = 264): 60 with AD, 80 with MCI, 46 with FMD, and 78 healthy controls (CTRL). Two traditional screening tests and the T5P were administered to all participants. Results showed an excellent convergent validity of the T5P (p < 0.05). Moreover, the T5P appeared as an effective test able to discriminate between the four conditions, except for FMD and CTRL. In particular, a total score of ≤9 allowed for accurately discriminating subjects with AD + MCI compared to participants with FMD + CTRL with high sensitivity (83.87%) and specificity (76.43%). Overall, the T5P is a simple, rapid and sensible test of the hippocampal memory that is recommended in clinical practice to screen persons with subjective/probable amnesic difficulties and to discriminate between patients with AD or MCI and CTRL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias)
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10 pages, 1563 KiB  
Article
Can RUDAS Be an Alternate Test for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults, Thailand?
by Manchumad Manjavong, Panita Limpawattana and Kittisak Sawanyawisuth
Geriatrics 2021, 6(4), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040117 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3708
Abstract
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is the commonly used cognitive test for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Thailand. Nevertheless, cultural biases and educational levels influence its performance. The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) seems to lower the limitation of the MoCA. [...] Read more.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is the commonly used cognitive test for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Thailand. Nevertheless, cultural biases and educational levels influence its performance. The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) seems to lower the limitation of the MoCA. This study aimed to compare the performance of the RUDAS and the MoCA for the diagnosis of MCI and demonstrate the correlation between them. A cross-sectional study of 150 older participants from the outpatient setting of the Internal Medicine Department, Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand was recruited during January 2020 and March 2021. The diagnostic properties in detecting MCI of the RUDAS and the MoCA were compared. MCI was diagnosed in 42 cases (28%). The AUC for both RUDAS (0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.89) and MoCA (0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.88) were similar. A score of 25/30 provided the best cut-off point for the RUDAS (sensitivity 76.2%, specificity 75%) and a score of 19/30 for the MoCA had sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 71.3%. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between both tests was 0.6. In conclusion, the RUDAS-Thai could be an option for MCI screening. It was correlated moderately to the MoCA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias)
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12 pages, 681 KiB  
Article
Snoring Remediation with Oral Appliance Therapy Potentially Reverses Cognitive Impairment: An Intervention Controlled Pilot Study
by Preetam Schramm, Namrata Das, Emet Schneiderman, Zohre German, Jason Hui, Duane Wilson, Jeffrey S. Spence, Pollyana Moura and Sandra B. Chapman
Geriatrics 2021, 6(4), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040107 - 1 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7703
Abstract
Respiration rate (RR) dynamics entrains brain neural networks. RR differences between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in response to oral appliance therapy (OAT) are unknown. This pilot study investigated if RR during stable sleep shows a relationship to pathological severity [...] Read more.
Respiration rate (RR) dynamics entrains brain neural networks. RR differences between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in response to oral appliance therapy (OAT) are unknown. This pilot study investigated if RR during stable sleep shows a relationship to pathological severity in subjects with MCI and AD who snore and if RR is influenced following stabilization of the upper airway using OAT. The study cohort was as follows: cognitively normal (CN; n = 14), MCI (n = 14) and AD (n = 9); and a sub-population receiving intervention, CN (n = 5), MCI (n = 7), AD (n = 6) subjects. The intervention used was an oral appliance plus a mouth shield (Tx). RR maximum (max) rate (breaths/minute) and RR fluctuation during 2116 stable sleep periods were measured. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was administered before and after 4 weeks with Tx. Baseline data showed significantly higher RR fluctuation in CN vs. AD (p < 0.001) but not between CN vs. MCI (p = 0.668). Linear mixed model analysis indicated Tx effect (p = 0.008) for RR max. Tx after 4 weeks lowered the RR-max in MCI (p = 0.022) and AD (p < 0.001). Compared with AD RR max, CN (p < 0.001) and MCI (p < 0.001) were higher with Tx after 4 weeks. Some MCI and AD subjects improved executive and memory function after 4 weeks of Tx. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias)
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Review

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15 pages, 316 KiB  
Review
Cognitive Decline in Older People with Multiple Sclerosis—A Narrative Review of the Literature
by Hsueh-Sheng Chiang, Alka Khera, Barbara E. Stopschinski, Olaf Stuve, John Hart, Jr., Brendan Kelley and Trung Nguyen
Geriatrics 2022, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7030061 - 5 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3818
Abstract
Several important questions regarding cognitive aging and dementia in older people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are the focus of this narrative review: Do older PwMS have worse cognitive decline compared to older people without MS? Can older PwMS develop dementia or other neurodegenerative [...] Read more.
Several important questions regarding cognitive aging and dementia in older people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are the focus of this narrative review: Do older PwMS have worse cognitive decline compared to older people without MS? Can older PwMS develop dementia or other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that may be accelerated due to MS? Are there any potential biomarkers that can help to determine the etiology of cognitive decline in older PwMS? What are the neural and cellular bases of cognitive aging and neurodegeneration in MS? Current evidence suggests that cognitive impairment in MS is distinguishable from that due to other neurodegenerative diseases, although older PwMS may present with accelerated cognitive decline. While dementia is prevalent in PwMS, there is currently no consensus on defining it. Cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers have the potential to identify disease processes linked to MS and other comorbidities—such as AD and vascular disease—in older PwMS, although more research is required. In conclusion, one should be aware that multiple underlying pathologies can coexist in older PwMS and cause cognitive decline. Future basic and clinical research will need to consider these complex factors to better understand the underlying pathophysiology, and to improve diagnostic accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias)
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