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Geosciences
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Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events
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Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Sedimentology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 15348

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Pedro J.M. Costa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Univ. Coimbra - Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: natural hazards; sediment dynamics; sedimentology; sediment transport; provenance studies; tsunami and storm deposits; marine and coastal geology; microtextures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern societies strongly rely on the coastal fringe as a demographic and economic powerhouse. In areas with low frequency of major storms (e.g., Atlantic coast of Europe), the accurate estimation of coastal risk requires high-resolution geological analysis that can contribute to the definition of wave physical parameters, run-up, number of inundation phases, inundation routes and inland limit, and to the quantification of sediment volume transported inland and offshore.

The objective of this Special Issue is: (a) to gather more comprehensive information from the sedimentological record to recreate past storm events affecting the Atlantic shores; (b) to model the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic changes caused by storm events; (c) and, lastly to produce an output which is beneficial to society by recreating inundation scenarios that can support coastal management.

We invite geoscientists working on these topics to submit their work to this Geosciences Special Issue.

Prof. Pedro J.M. Costa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Storm deposits
  • Sediment dynamics
  • Sedimentology
  • Provenance studies
  • Coastal hazards
  • Palaeotempestology
  • Storminess
  • Regressive models
  • Sediment transport modeling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7260 KiB  
Article
Storm-Related Rhodolith Deposits from the Upper Pleistocene and Recycled Coastal Holocene on Sal Island (Cabo Verde Archipelago)
by Markes E. Johnson, Ricardo Ramalho and Carlos Marques da Silva
Geosciences 2020, 10(11), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110419 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3268
Abstract
This project examines the role of tropical storms in the northeast Atlantic Ocean related to the post-mortem deposition of rhodoliths in coastal settings during Neogene to Holocene time with primary emphasis on Sal Island in the Cabo Verde Archipelago located 600 km off [...] Read more.
This project examines the role of tropical storms in the northeast Atlantic Ocean related to the post-mortem deposition of rhodoliths in coastal settings during Neogene to Holocene time with primary emphasis on Sal Island in the Cabo Verde Archipelago located 600 km off the coast of Senegal in northwest Africa. Fossil rhodoliths from 10 to 15 cm in diameter are equal in size to contemporary rhodoliths that survive for a century or more at water depths undisturbed by all but the most energetic storms. The shape of large rhodoliths makes them susceptible to rare disturbances with sufficient energy to export them beyond their preferred habitat into extreme environments that include supratidal settings. The methodology of this study gauges the relative sphericity of rhodoliths based on measurements across three axes perpendicular to one another, plots size variations on bar graphs, and considers whether or not individual nodules are nucleated around rock cores eroded from proximal rocky shores. Sal Island is impacted on a steady basis by wave swell generated from the Northeast Trade Winds, but Pleistocene and Holocene deposits with large rhodoliths on the Island’s windward coast are interpreted as the result of major storms of hurricane intensity. Comparison of Sal Island rhodoliths with Pliocene and Miocene examples from other insular localities in the Northeast Atlantic considers evidence for displacement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) into more northern latitudes as an influence on past hurricane tracks that are less common today. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events)
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40 pages, 17817 KiB  
Article
Reconstructing Boulder Deposition Histories: Extreme Wave Signatures on a Complex Rocky Shoreline of Malta
by Derek. N. Mottershead, Philip J. Soar, Malcolm J. Bray and Linley J. Hastewell
Geosciences 2020, 10(10), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100400 - 6 Oct 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4008
Abstract
The Żonqor coastline, southeast Malta, displays an exceptional range of geomorphic signatures of extreme coastal events. This paper brings together evidence acquired from a field survey, analysis of time-sequential imagery, and hydrodynamic modelling to investigate the histories of boulder groups identified by their [...] Read more.
The Żonqor coastline, southeast Malta, displays an exceptional range of geomorphic signatures of extreme coastal events. This paper brings together evidence acquired from a field survey, analysis of time-sequential imagery, and hydrodynamic modelling to investigate the histories of boulder groups identified by their intrinsic and contextual characteristics. Clear differences are revealed between the distribution of boulders recently moved and those of considerable age. Tracking the movement of boulders since 1957 confirms that storms of surprisingly frequent interval are capable of complex boulder movements, including lifting of megaclasts. Scrutiny of the ancient boulders, including weathering features and fascinating landward-facing (reverse) imbrication, cautiously suggests tsunami as the agent for their emplacement. A novel method is developed for depicting the velocity decay profiles of hypothetical waves, which overcomes some of the limitations of the Nott approach. Applied here, the wave run-up context further sets the ancient movers apart from their recent mover companions. The combined evidence implies a palimpsestic landscape where storm waves are regular geomorphic agents that add to and rework the distribution of boulders close to the shoreline, but over long time periods the landscape becomes reset by tsunami—a concept that is of value to agencies in Malta responsible for coastal safety, planning and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events)
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21 pages, 11258 KiB  
Article
Storm-Induced Boulder Displacements: Inferences from Field Surveys and Hydrodynamic Equations
by Marco Delle Rose, Corrado Fidelibus, Paolo Martano and Luca Orlanducci
Geosciences 2020, 10(9), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090374 - 19 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
The storm of 12–13 November 2019 provoked the displacements of boulders on a central Mediterranean rocky coast; with reference to a selected area, prone to boulder production and geomorphologically monitored for years, a field-oriented study approach was applied for the phenomenon, by collating [...] Read more.
The storm of 12–13 November 2019 provoked the displacements of boulders on a central Mediterranean rocky coast; with reference to a selected area, prone to boulder production and geomorphologically monitored for years, a field-oriented study approach was applied for the phenomenon, by collating data concerning the pre-storm locations and kinematics of these boulders. The number of displaced boulders is 11, that is in terms of the morphological imprint of a specific storm, one of the major study cases for the Mediterranean. In addition, based on widely used hydrodynamic equations, the minimum wave height required to displace the boulders is assessed. The values conform with the expected values for the wave climate dominating during the causative meteorological event and give a measure of the energy of the storm slamming the coast. Boulder dislodgement usually plays a key role in determining the rate of the coastal recession, likely also in the investigated area. In view of an adverse climate evolution with a possible increase of the energy and frequency of severe storms, the results deriving from the study of this morphodynamics should be considered for hazard assessment and coastal management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events)
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22 pages, 4824 KiB  
Article
A Possible Tsunami Deposit Associated to the CE 1755 Lisbon Earthquake on the Western Coast of Portugal
by Mihaela Tudor, Ana Ramos-Pereira and Pedro J.M. Costa
Geosciences 2020, 10(7), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070257 - 3 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4469
Abstract
The CE 1755 Lisbon tsunami was the largest historical tsunami to affect the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa. This study presents the results obtained from the application of different sedimentological techniques (e.g., grain size, morphoscopy, microtextural analysis, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating) on [...] Read more.
The CE 1755 Lisbon tsunami was the largest historical tsunami to affect the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa. This study presents the results obtained from the application of different sedimentological techniques (e.g., grain size, morphoscopy, microtextural analysis, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating) on sediments retrieved from the Alcabrichel River alluvial plain (of about 500 m far away from its mouth and approximatively 50 km northwest of Lisbon, Portugal). The results allowed the identification of a sandy layer that was associated with the CE 1755 tsunami. Furthermore, a new microtextural semi-quantitative classification was applied to enhance the identification of extreme marine inundation deposits. Based on sedimentological data, three different tsunami inundation phases were identified, including two inundations and a likely backwash. This innovative work offers physical evidence of the spatial presence of the CE 1755 tsunami event on the western coast of Europe. It also enables a reconstruction of tsunami inundation dynamics, with two flooding waves and an interspersed backwash. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological and Sedimentological Imprints of Storm Events)
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