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Galaxies
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High-Mass X-ray Binaries and Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Hosting Neutron Stars
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High-Mass X-ray Binaries and Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Hosting Neutron Stars

A special issue of Galaxies (ISSN 2075-4434).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 10002

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dimitris M. Christodoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
Interests: accretion: accretion disks; stars: magnetic fields; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; HMXBs and ULXs
Prof. Dr. Silas G.T. Laycock

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
Interests: pulsars; black holes; binary stars; X-rays; high energy radiation; optical spectroscopy; adaptive optics
Dr. Demosthenes Kazanas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Interests: X-rays: binaries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are soliciting contributions on the rapidly evolving field of HMXBs and ULX sources, whose compact objects are neutron stars. Though new results are certainly acceptable, we are also asking for reviews summarizing the general knowledge on the subject, because standard reviews in this field are currently lacking. Both observational and theoretical papers are welcome. We hope that this volume will be an acute summary of the state of the field, describing what we already know from previous X-ray observations and what we hope to learn in the recent future. The structure and evolution of magnetic fields in these X-ray sources are also themes of enormous contemporary interest in the field. ULX sources are included because it is currently thought that these sources also harbor neutron stars accreting above the Eddington limit.

Prof. Dr. Dimitris M. Christodoulou
Prof. Dr. Silas G.T. Laycock
Dr. Demosthenes Kazanas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • accretion, accretion disks
  • stars: magnetic fields
  • stars: neutron
  • X-rays: binaries

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 631 KiB  
Article
Variable Magellanic HMXB Sources versus Variable ULX Sources: Nothing to Brag about the ULX Sources
by Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Silas G. T. Laycock, Rigel Cappallo, Ankur Roy, Sayantan Bhattacharya  and Demosthenes Kazanas
Galaxies 2020, 8(4), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8040070 - 24 Sep 2020
Viewed by 2990
Abstract
We carry out a meta-analysis of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources that show large variabilities (by factors of >10) between their highest and lowest emission states in the X-ray energy range of 0.3–10 keV. We are guided by a recent stringent compilation [...] Read more.
We carry out a meta-analysis of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources that show large variabilities (by factors of >10) between their highest and lowest emission states in the X-ray energy range of 0.3–10 keV. We are guided by a recent stringent compilation of 25 such X-ray sources by Song et al. We examine the relation of logN versus logSmax, where N is the number of sources radiating above the maximum-flux level Smax. We find a strong deviation from all previously determined slopes in various high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) samples. In fact, the ULX data clearly show a slope of −0.91. Thus, ULX sources do not appear to be uniform and isotropic in our Universe. We compare the ULX results against the local X-ray luminosity function of HMXBs in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) constructed from our latest library that includes 41 Chandra 0.3–8 keV sources and 56 XMM-Newton 0.2–12 keV sources. The ULX data are not drawn from the same continuous distribution as the SMC data (the ULX data peak at the low tails of the SMC distributions), and none of our data sets is drawn from a normal distribution or from a log-normal distribution (they all show marked excesses at both tails). At a significance level of α=0.05 (2σ), the two-sample p-value of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test gives p=4.7×10−3<α for the ULX versus the small Chandra sample and p=1.1×10−5<<α for the ULX versus the larger XMM-Newton sample, respectively. This adds to the evidence that ULX sources are not simply the higher end of the known local Be/X-ray pulsar distribution, but they represent a class of X-ray sources different from the young sources found in the SMC and in individual starburst galaxies. On the other hand, our two main SMC data sets are found to be statistically consistent, as they are drawn from the same continuous parent distribution (null hypothesis H0): at the α=0.05 significance level, the two-sample KS test shows an asymptotic p-value of 0.308>α, which tells us to accept H0. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Mass X-ray Binaries and Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Hosting Neutron Stars)
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Review

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16 pages, 7299 KiB  
Review
From SN 2010da to NGC 300 ULX-1: Ten Years of Observations of an Unusual High Mass X-Ray Binary in NGC 300
by Breanna A. Binder, Stefania Carpano, Marianne Heida and Ryan Lau
Galaxies 2020, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8010017 - 18 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6055
Abstract
In May 2010, an intermediate luminosity optical transient was discovered in the nearby galaxy NGC 300 by a South African amateur astronomer. In the decade since its discovery, multi-wavelength observations of the misnamed “SN 2010da” have continually reshaped our understanding of this high [...] Read more.
In May 2010, an intermediate luminosity optical transient was discovered in the nearby galaxy NGC 300 by a South African amateur astronomer. In the decade since its discovery, multi-wavelength observations of the misnamed “SN 2010da” have continually reshaped our understanding of this high mass X-ray binary system. In this review, we present an overview of the multi-wavelength observations and attempt to understand the 2010 transient event, and later, the reclassification of this system as NGC 300 ULX-1: a red supergiant + neutron star ultraluminous X-ray source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Mass X-ray Binaries and Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Hosting Neutron Stars)
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