Strong Gravitational Lens Modeling

A special issue of Galaxies (ISSN 2075-4434).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2026 | Viewed by 1107

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
Interests: strong lensing (galaxy-, group-, and cluster-scale); time-delay cosmography; lens search; machine learning; lensed supernovae; automated mass modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The upcoming decade will be a golden era for strong lensing: While recently started and further upcoming wide-field imaging surveys are expected to provide 105 galaxy-scale lenses and thousands of cluster-scale lenses, and Rubin-LSST will revolutionize the transient science, impacting strong lensing significantly. Additionally, dedicated, deep, and high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations will increase the amount of astrophysical data of a single lensing system enormously. Obtaining specific strong-lens mass models will provide the community with completely new challenges that have to be overcome. For the first time, we will be able to analyze large samples (>10,000 lenses) from a single survey and study their properties at a population level. Rapid and fully autonomous modeling techniques, such as machine learning and semi-autonomous modeling codes, will become crucial to obtain mass model parameters in a uniform way for a large fraction of the new galaxy-scale lenses. On a cluster scale, it will become essential to streamline and explore the mass-modeling procedure. Furthermore, dedicated high-precision mass models for individual, peculiar, and rare lens systems will be crucial for their individual, detailed analysis and exploitation.

It is a pleasure for me to announce a Special Issue targeting the topic “Strong Gravitational Lens Modeling”. Contributions focusing on new modeling techniques, mass model comparison efforts, or individual mass models focusing on specific lenses for any specific study are welcome, without any restrictions on the exploited wavelength range nor mass scale.

Dr. Stefan Schuldt
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • strong lens mass modeling (full wavelength range)
  • galaxy-scale
  • group-scale
  • cluster-scale
  • automated modeling
  • high-precision modeling
  • machine learning
  • lens confirmation
  • mass-sheet degeneracy
  • dark matter
  • cosmology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

9 pages, 474 KB  
Review
A Forward, Analytic, Differentiable, Geometric (but Inflexible) Lens Model
by Paul L. Schechter
Galaxies 2026, 14(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies14020020 - 10 Mar 2026
Viewed by 564
Abstract
We anticipate that hundreds of thousands of distant, strongly gravitationally lensed sources will be detectable with European Space Agency’s (ESA) Euclid mission and the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time. We consider the virtues and shortcomings of the Singular Isothermal Elliptical [...] Read more.
We anticipate that hundreds of thousands of distant, strongly gravitationally lensed sources will be detectable with European Space Agency’s (ESA) Euclid mission and the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time. We consider the virtues and shortcomings of the Singular Isothermal Elliptical Potential (SIEP) with Parallel External Shear (XS) for these systems. Its principal virtue is that it admits an analytic forward model that gives image positions and magnifications as functions of the source position (and shape for extended sources). Preliminary experiments suggest a speed-up of a factor in excess of 10,000 compared with conventional models that instead map from the image plane to the source plane and require iteration to converge upon a unique source. A second virtue is that the Witt–Wynne geometric representation of SIEP+XS permits the quick visual verification of the model’s adequacy for a particular lensed system. Unfortunately, the model’s strictly elliptical lens equipotential is inconsistent with strictly elliptical surface mass density contours.The Witt–Wynne construction might nonetheless yield a sufficiently good first approximation to accelerate convergence to one’s preferred lens model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strong Gravitational Lens Modeling)
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