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Advanced Studies for PEM Fuel Cells in Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 April 2026 | Viewed by 576

Special Issue Editor

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: thermodynamics; PEM fuel cells; heating and air conditioning; fuel cell powered vehicles; metallic hydrides for hydrogen storage and compression; renewable energy sources; phase change materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fuel cells have a promising chance of becoming the devices of the future in the production of electrical work (electricity) from a range of different chemical fuels. Interest in fuel cells has increased in recent decades due to the negative facts related to the production of electrical work via conventional combustion of fossil fuels. The disadvantages include insufficiently effective conversion into a usable form, environmental pollution, exploitation of global reserves, political domination, and control over countries which are rich in fossil fuels.

Fuel cells offer more efficient conversion when using fossil fuels, and their technology offers further advantages when the fuel is hydrogen from renewable fuels or hydrogen from other renewable sources. They are devices that reduce CO2 emissions per unit of electricity produced when fossil fuels are the primary source and make the use of renewable fuels and renewable sources in transport practical.

While much effort is devoted to fuel cells in hydrogen-fueled vehicles, there is a pressing need to innovate and demonstrate technologies to be implemented in this area. This Special Issue is focused on bringing together innovative developments, technologies, and solutions in the field of fuel cells in hydrogen-fueled vehicles.

Dr. Ivan Tolj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • PEM fuel cells
  • hydrogen-fueled vehicles
  • electric vehicles
  • metal hydride hydrogen storage

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

30 pages, 7297 KB  
Article
Nanofluid Cooling Enhances PEM Fuel Cell Stack Performance via 3D Multiphysics Simulation
by Rashed Kaiser, Se-Min Jeong and Jong-Chun Park
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5824; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215824 - 4 Nov 2025
Abstract
The proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generates a significant reaction and ohmic heat during operation, imposing stringent cooling requirements. This study employs a three-dimensional, non-isothermal, steady multiphase multiphysics model to investigate heat generation and transport in a three-cell PEMFC stack using deionized water, [...] Read more.
The proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generates a significant reaction and ohmic heat during operation, imposing stringent cooling requirements. This study employs a three-dimensional, non-isothermal, steady multiphase multiphysics model to investigate heat generation and transport in a three-cell PEMFC stack using deionized water, CuO, and Al2O3 nanofluids (1 vol%) as coolants. The base (no-coolant) configuration was validated against a published polarization curve for a nine-cell stack. Introducing coolant channels increased the area-averaged current density from 2426 A m−2 (no coolant) to 2613 A m−2 (water), 2678 A m−2 (CuO), and 2702 A m−2 (Al2O3), representing up to an 11.4% performance improvement while reducing the peak cell temperature by approximately 7–8 °C. Among the examined coolants, Al2O3 nanofluid achieved the lowest maximum temperature and a favorable pressure drop, whereas water maintained the most uniform temperature field. A price-performance factor (PPF) was introduced to evaluate the techno-economic trade-off between cost and cooling benefit. This study highlights that, despite scale-related limitations between three-cell simulations and nine-cell experiments, nanofluid coolants offer a practical route toward thermally stable and high-performance PEMFC operation. Full article
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