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Energy Security of the European Union in Light of Sustainable Development

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 24 April 2026 | Viewed by 1503

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aurelia Rybak

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: energy security; energy mix; critical raw materials; energy transformation; clean coal technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aleksandra Rybak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: critical raw materials; energy transformation; clean coal technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jarosław Joostberens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: energy security; coal processing; industrial process automation; digital signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In light of recent political events, the energy security of the European Union is taking on a new importance. It will be necessary to find ways to ensure access to energy from new, stable sources in terms of supply and price. This can be done by diversifying supplies and by seeking technological solutions that enable the use of domestic energy sources. All steps taken should be consistent with the assumptions of sustainable development, as well as the EU's climate goals. Therefore, in the near future, the Member States will face a complex and difficult task. In addition to accessing energy sources, it will be necessary to ensure the supply of critical raw materials, such as rare earth elements (REE), without which the energy transformation will be impossible. REE will also ensure the development of artificial intelligence, which, among other things, will support the decarbonization of energy systems in countries around the world. The aim of this Special Issue is to present and disseminate the latest achievements in the following fields:

  • Energy transition and energy security;
  • Circular economy;
  • Critical raw materials in energy transformation;
  • Energy policy, energy independence;
  • Energy diversification strategies;
  • Energy acquisition from local sources;
  • Stable energy sources, smart energy grids, and energy hubs;
  • The role of artificial intelligence in energy transition.

Moreover, studies on other topics related to ensuring energy security during the energy transformation process in accordance with the principles and goals of sustainable development are also welcome.

We invite original manuscripts, review papers, or case studies related to the above-mentioned topics. We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Aurelia Rybak
Dr. Aleksandra Rybak
Prof. Dr. Jarosław Joostberens
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy security
  • energy transition
  • energy policy
  • stable energy sources
  • sustainable development

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 4074 KB  
Article
Implementation of the Just-in-Time Philosophy in Coal Production Processes as an Approach to Supporting Energy Transition and Reducing Carbon Emissions
by Dariusz Prostański, Radosław Marlęga and Slavko Dragić
Energies 2026, 19(2), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020544 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 89
Abstract
In the context of Poland’s commitments under the European Union’s climate policy, including the European Green Deal and the Fit for 55 package, as well as the decision to ban imports of hard coal from Russia and Belarus, ensuring the stability of the [...] Read more.
In the context of Poland’s commitments under the European Union’s climate policy, including the European Green Deal and the Fit for 55 package, as well as the decision to ban imports of hard coal from Russia and Belarus, ensuring the stability of the domestic market for energy commodities is becoming a key challenge. The response to these needs is the Coal Platform concept developed by the KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology (KOMAG), which aims to integrate data on hard coal resources, production, and demand. The most important problem is not the just-in-time (JIT) strategy itself, but the lack of accurate, up-to-date data and the high technological and organizational inertia on the production side. The JIT strategy assumes an ability to predict future demand well in advance, which requires advanced analytical tools. Therefore, the Coal Platform project analyses the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to forecast demand and adjust production to actual market needs. The developed mathematical model (2024–2030) takes into account 12 variables, and the tested forecasting methods (including ARX and FLNN) exhibit high accuracy, which together make it possible to reduce overproduction, imports, and CO2 emissions, supporting the country’s responsible energy transition. This article describes approaches to issues related to the development of the Coal Platform and, above all, describes the concept, preliminary architecture, and data model. As an additional element, a mathematical model and preliminary results of research on forecasting methods in the context of historical data on hard coal production and consumption are presented. The core innovation lies in integrating the just-in-time (JIT) philosophy with AI-driven forecasting and scenario-based planning within a cloud-ready Coal Platform architecture, enabling dynamic resource management and compliance with decarbonization targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security of the European Union in Light of Sustainable Development)
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18 pages, 1587 KB  
Article
Do Energy Security Crises Accelerate Decarbonisation? The Case of REPowerEU
by Anastasia Pavlenko and Aleh Cherp
Energies 2026, 19(1), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010200 - 30 Dec 2025
Viewed by 417
Abstract
Energy security crises have historically been turning points for energy systems, exposing vulnerabilities, reshaping policy priorities, and boosting technological change. However, whether—and to what extent—such crises accelerate low-carbon transitions remains contested. This paper examines the effects of the 2022 energy crisis on the [...] Read more.
Energy security crises have historically been turning points for energy systems, exposing vulnerabilities, reshaping policy priorities, and boosting technological change. However, whether—and to what extent—such crises accelerate low-carbon transitions remains contested. This paper examines the effects of the 2022 energy crisis on the European Union (EU)’s energy transition, using policy analysis combined with a quantitative assessment of renewable energy trends, forecasts, and targets. We analyse the ambition, implementation, and outcomes of the REPowerEU plan, the main response to the crisis. In an unprecedented move, REPowerEU securitised renewable energy as a means to reduce dependence on Russian energy imports. However, the plan only moderately increased earlier renewable energy targets and did not reverse declining subsidies despite more forceful implementation measures. Its effects have been uneven across technologies. Already accelerating solar may overshoot its targets, onshore wind might only slightly accelerate beyond its current steady growth, and offshore wind remains constrained by economic and institutional uncertainties. Despite increased subsidies for fossil fuels, coal continued declining, oil remained stable, and natural gas dropped. Overall, REPowerEU sustained rather than transformed the EU’s low-carbon transition, illustrating both the potential and limits of accelerating decarbonisation under security crises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security of the European Union in Light of Sustainable Development)
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21 pages, 3157 KB  
Article
Modeling an Industrial Distribution Network with Significant Photovoltaic Integration Using ATP-EMTP
by Katarzyna Nowińska and Krzysztof Kuliński
Energies 2026, 19(1), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010196 - 30 Dec 2025
Viewed by 285
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the impact of photovoltaic (PV) sources on the effectiveness and selectivity of earth fault protection in a 6 kV industrial distribution network. Simulations were conducted in the ATP-EMTP environment using a model of a generalized, real industrial [...] Read more.
This article presents an analysis of the impact of photovoltaic (PV) sources on the effectiveness and selectivity of earth fault protection in a 6 kV industrial distribution network. Simulations were conducted in the ATP-EMTP environment using a model of a generalized, real industrial network with an isolated neutral point. This model was based on data from real-world cases of earth faults with varying resistance. This study’s main objective was to determine how the power generated by PV sources affects the time and spectral waveforms of currents and zero-sequence voltages, in addition to the network’s overall response to disturbances. The results provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of distributed generation on the operational security of industrial power grids and form a basis for developing recommendations for coordinating protection in power systems integrated with renewable energy sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security of the European Union in Light of Sustainable Development)
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23 pages, 673 KB  
Article
Energy Storage Readiness Index in Selected European Countries in the Light of Energy Transformation and Energy Security
by Aurelia Rybak, Aleksandra Rybak and Jarosław Joostberens
Energies 2025, 18(24), 6590; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246590 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 243
Abstract
This article presents research on developing a synthetic measure to assess the readiness of individual EU countries to store energy from renewable energy sources. The authors developed individual measures that describe both the technical aspects of energy storage and the systemic and strategic [...] Read more.
This article presents research on developing a synthetic measure to assess the readiness of individual EU countries to store energy from renewable energy sources. The authors developed individual measures that describe both the technical aspects of energy storage and the systemic and strategic aspects related to energy security and energy transition. These measures enabled the development of a synthetic measure, the Energy Storage Readiness Index (ESRI-BESS), and scenarios for the development of energy storage facilities in the European Union. TOPSIS and Monte Carlo methods were used. In the research presented, the authors focused their analyses on how the system interacts with storage facilities, rather than on what is installed. A quantitative set of indicators was constructed, embedded in the 4A energy security model. The resulting indicator measures not only whether storage facilities exist but also whether the system is prepared to ensure the country’s energy security. The results obtained indicate the need to build a flexible regulatory framework adapted to the growing role of storage facilities, that is, to facilitate and accelerate the process of connecting storage facilities to the grid. In the context of 4A, it is important to note that energy storage facilities can strengthen all four pillars of energy security when infrastructure development is paralleled by reforms and grid integration. The ability to store and flexibly manage energy is becoming a new dimension of energy transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security of the European Union in Light of Sustainable Development)
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