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Economies
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Advances in Sports Economics
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Advances in Sports Economics

A special issue of Economies (ISSN 2227-7099).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2020) | Viewed by 34682

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Franklin G. Mixon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Economic Education, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA
Interests: public choice; labor economics; industrial organization; sports economics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The economics of sports is an ever-expanding subfield that has, in recent decades, generated new courses, textbooks, and academic journals. This Special Issue of Economies aims to provide a collection of high-quality theoretical and empirical studies covering the economics of both amateur and professional athletics. Topics of relevance to sports economists include but are not limited to competitive balance and outcome uncertainty, aspects of the production and costs of sports and sporting achievement (e.g., productivity of inputs), monopoly/monopsony elements of sports associations and leagues, the politics of sports arena and stadium financing and siting, and the relationship between collegiate athletics and the mission of colleges and universities. We welcome original papers relating to these and other aspects of the economics of sports.

Prof. Dr. Franklin G. Mixon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 202 KiB  
Article
Specialization and Performance: Evidence from NCAA 4 × 400 m Relay Times
by Candon Johnson, Robert Schultz and Joshua C. Hall
Economies 2020, 8(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8040096 - 5 Nov 2020
Viewed by 2604
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of having open 400 meter (400 m) runners on NCAA relay teams. Using data from 2012–2016 containing the top 100 4 × 400 m in each NCAA Division relay times for each year, it is found that more [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the impact of having open 400 meter (400 m) runners on NCAA relay teams. Using data from 2012–2016 containing the top 100 4 × 400 m in each NCAA Division relay times for each year, it is found that more 400 m specialists lead to an increase in the overall performance of the team, measured by a decrease in relay times. The effect is examined across Division I–III NCAA track teams. The results are consistent across each division. We view this as a test of the role of specialization on performance. Using runners who specialize in 400 m races should increase overall team performance as long as specialization does not lead to an inefficient allocation of team human capital. An additional performance measure is used examining the difference between projected and actual relay times. Divisions I and II are found to perform better than projected with an increase in 400 m runners, but there is no effect found in Division III. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
23 pages, 1166 KiB  
Article
The Economic Impact of Participant Sports Events: A Case Study for the Winter World Masters Games 2020 in Tyrol, Austria
by Petri Lintumäki, Hannes Winner, Sabrina Scheiber, Anna Mederle and Martin Schnitzer
Economies 2020, 8(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8040094 - 2 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 10392
Abstract
The Winter World Masters Games (WWMGs) are a large sports event for 30+-year-old athletes. As there are neither competitive qualification requirements for participants, nor entrance fees for spectators, the event can be considered as a participatory sports tourism event rather than a spectator [...] Read more.
The Winter World Masters Games (WWMGs) are a large sports event for 30+-year-old athletes. As there are neither competitive qualification requirements for participants, nor entrance fees for spectators, the event can be considered as a participatory sports tourism event rather than a spectator event. In 2020, the WWMGs were staged in Innsbruck, Tyrol. In this study, we estimate the payoff of the event for the regional economy by assessing the impacts generated by participant spending and organizational expenditure. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of the masters sports concept. Our empirical work is based on three distinct analyses: (1) economic impact analysis of participant spending, (2) cost-benefit analysis of organizational resource flows, and (3) discussion of impacts with experts in a focus group setting. Our results support the previous findings that masters sports events attract rather affluent and consumption-oriented participants. Indeed, the WWMGs were found to have a regional economic impact of €6.18 million and an estimated yield of €4.40 for each publicly subsidized euro. For an audience interested in the economic impact of events, this paper presents a novel method for handling non-normal expenditure distributions and adds to the understanding of how visitor segmentation can be utilized in an assessment of event impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
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10 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the New York City Marathon on Hotel Demand
by Joshua Martin and Joshua Hall
Economies 2020, 8(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8040089 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4612
Abstract
Daily hotel data are employed, along with information on prices, revenue, demand and hotel occupancy, to analyze part of the local economic impact of the annual New York City (NYC) Marathon. As the largest competitive race in the world, the marathon attracts domestic [...] Read more.
Daily hotel data are employed, along with information on prices, revenue, demand and hotel occupancy, to analyze part of the local economic impact of the annual New York City (NYC) Marathon. As the largest competitive race in the world, the marathon attracts domestic and international competitors and spectators. The cancellation of the 2012 marathon due to Hurricane Sandy was estimated to lead to an increase of 4000 hotel nights as well as a 10% increase in the average daily room rate. Taken together, this is associated with a USD 3 million increase in hotel revenue. The results suggest a significantly lower local economic impact of the race than previously thought. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
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20 pages, 5516 KiB  
Article
Performance Expectations of Professional Sport Teams and In-Season Head Coach Dismissals—Evidence from the English and French Men’s Football First Divisions
by Yvon Rocaboy and Marek Pavlik
Economies 2020, 8(4), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8040082 - 9 Oct 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3756
Abstract
The goals of this paper are first to identify why professional football clubs replace their head coach and, second, to investigate the effect of coach dismissal on team performance. To do that, we propose a new method for assessing the performance expectations of [...] Read more.
The goals of this paper are first to identify why professional football clubs replace their head coach and, second, to investigate the effect of coach dismissal on team performance. To do that, we propose a new method for assessing the performance expectations of professional sport teams using Monte Carlo simulation. We apply our method to the English Premier league and the French Ligue 1 football teams over the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 seasons. We find that coach dismissal is the result of a drop in the average expected performance compared with the performance expectations at the beginning of the season. We also show that dismissing a coach may enhance performance only if the team under-performed before the dismissal. There is no obstacle to using the same method for professional teams in other sports. The method is easily reproducible and does not require much information in order to be applied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
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12 pages, 412 KiB  
Article
Revenue Sharing and Collusive Behavior in the Major League Baseball Posting System
by Duane W. Rockerbie
Economies 2020, 8(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8030071 - 1 Sep 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2870
Abstract
This paper uses auction theory to explain the unique design of the 1998–2013 posting system agreed to between Major League Baseball and the Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball League that allowed for the transfer of baseball players from Japan to the United States. It [...] Read more.
This paper uses auction theory to explain the unique design of the 1998–2013 posting system agreed to between Major League Baseball and the Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball League that allowed for the transfer of baseball players from Japan to the United States. It has some similarities and many differences from the transfer system used to obtain players in European football. The unique features of the posting system were a compromise between Major League Baseball clubs and Nippon Professional Baseball clubs with the understanding that the former was a collusive group of club owners. Revenue sharing is a method to enforce a system of side payments to collusive bidders. It is then profit-maximizing to have the bidder with the highest net surplus from the player win the auction. Changes to the revenue sharing system used in Major League Baseball reduced the ability of club owners to bid for Japanese players, hence changes to the bidding rules of the posting system coincided at the same time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
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13 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
Anti-Tanking Pair Matching before an Elimination Phase of a Two-Phase Tournament
by Waldemar Stronka
Economies 2020, 8(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8030066 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2628
Abstract
Perverse incentives are ubiquitous in different economic settings. In sports, they often take the form of temptation to deliberately lose matches (the phenomenon known as tanking or sandbagging). In practice, there were even such pathological situations as when a soccer team intentionally scored [...] Read more.
Perverse incentives are ubiquitous in different economic settings. In sports, they often take the form of temptation to deliberately lose matches (the phenomenon known as tanking or sandbagging). In practice, there were even such pathological situations as when a soccer team intentionally scored an own goal. We show how and when the temptation is generated by the current pair matching method, the one applied after the first phase of many popular tournaments, including the most prestigious soccer championships. If the organizers of important sporting contests do not introduce any organizational innovations, they risk serious match-fixing scandals. We introduce an alternative procedure and show that its practical implementation could radically mitigate the risk. We perform a comparative analysis of the methods. We analyze the format “Winners and Runners-up Advancing from Two Adjacent Groups”, particularly its FIFA World Cup variant. In order to quantify the benefits of switching from the current method to the proposed one, we refer to simulation results. The expected decrease in temptation probability is about 83% and could be even about 90% if we additionally implement the suggested scheduling innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
13 pages, 218 KiB  
Article
Prize Structure and Performance: Evidence from NASCAR
by Brad Humphreys and Bernd Frick
Economies 2019, 7(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7040102 - 2 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5578
Abstract
The predictions that emerge from tournament theory have been tested in a number of sports-related settings. Since sporting events involving individuals (golf, tennis, running, auto racing) feature rank order tournaments with relatively large payoffs and easily observable outcomes, sports is a natural setting [...] Read more.
The predictions that emerge from tournament theory have been tested in a number of sports-related settings. Since sporting events involving individuals (golf, tennis, running, auto racing) feature rank order tournaments with relatively large payoffs and easily observable outcomes, sports is a natural setting for such tests. In this paper, we test the predictions of tournament theory using a unique race-level data set from NASCAR. Most previous tests of tournament theory using NASCAR data used either season level data or race level data from a few seasons. Our empirical work uses race and driver level NASCAR data for 1114 races over the period 1975–2009. Our results support the predictions of tournament theory: the larger the spread in prizes paid in the race, measured by the standard deviation or interquartile range of prizes paid, the higher the average speed in the race. Our results account for the length of the track, number of entrants, number of caution flags, and unobservable year- and week-level heterogeneity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sports Economics)
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