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Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (2nd Edition)
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Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 October 2026 | Viewed by 1215

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vincent Ho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
Interests: faecal microbial transplantation; gut motility; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jerry Zhou

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
Interests: gut motility; microbiome; clinical trials; probiotics; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of the Special Issue "Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Nutrition", available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diseases/special_issues/QIOK7X8EU0. Technological advances, such as metagenomics and proteomics, have greatly accelerated our understanding of the gut microbiota’s role in health and diseases. Significant differences in the gut microbiota occur in many clinical conditions at different stages of life and offer new opportunities to modulate the microbiome and positively impact disease. This Special Issue aims to provide new knowledge on how the gut microbiome is connected to disease development, identify bacterial and metabolic targets, and evaluate the role of gut microbiome modulation/manipulation in disease states. This Special Issue welcomes research papers and reviews that cover a wide range of topics, including how the gut microbiome plays a role in the pathophysiology of different diseases, and the impact of nutrition, metabolite biomarkers, and the role of microbiome modulation/manipulation through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and faecal microbial transplantation.

Dr. Vincent Ho
Dr. Jerry Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diseases is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiome
  • metagenomics
  • proteomics
  • faecal metabolites
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • postbiotics
  • faecal microbial transplantation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

30 pages, 1830 KB  
Article
Gut Microbiome Recovery in Clostridioides difficile Infection Patients Receiving Multi-Strain Probiotics During Convalescence: A Prospective Pilot Series of Longitudinal Dynamics
by Dorin Novacescu, Talida Georgiana Cut, Adelina Baloi, Alexandra Herlo, Ioana-Melinda Luput-Andrica, Andra Elena Saizu, Amelia Uzum, Maria Daniela Mot, Flavia Zara, Dorel Sandesc, Voichita Elena Lazureanu and Adelina Marinescu
Diseases 2026, 14(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14020077 - 18 Feb 2026
Viewed by 938
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated infection associated with profound antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disruption that frequently persists after clinical resolution. This pilot study aimed to characterize early post-infectious gut microbiome recovery following an inaugural CDI episode and to descriptively [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated infection associated with profound antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disruption that frequently persists after clinical resolution. This pilot study aimed to characterize early post-infectious gut microbiome recovery following an inaugural CDI episode and to descriptively assess microbiome remodeling during adjunctive multi-strain probiotic supplementation. Methods: Adult patients with mild-to-moderate CDI were prospectively enrolled after completing standard antimicrobial therapy and received a 30-day course of a high-potency, 10-strain probiotic formulation. Stool samples were collected before and after supplementation and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with microbiome-inferred functional profiling, alongside targeted screening for enteric protozoa and yeasts. Results: Five patients completed paired analyses. At baseline, all patients exhibited severe dysbiosis characterized by markedly reduced microbial diversity, depletion of Actinobacteria and short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa, expansion of Proteobacteria, and unfavorable inferred metabolic signatures. After supplementation, four of five patients were observed to exhibit increased microbial diversity and partial improvement in global dysbiosis indices. Microbiome recovery was heterogeneous and non-linear, involving variable reductions in Proteobacteria, recovery of Actinobacteria, or both, with incomplete normalization of taxonomic balances and inferred functions. Enterotype shifts were observed in three patients, consistent with ecological reorganization rather than full restoration. Baseline protozoal colonization resolved in affected patients, while fungal dynamics showed clearance or species-level replacement. No early CDI recurrences were observed during follow-up. Conclusions: Interpretation is limited by the single-arm design without a control group, which precludes distinguishing supplementation-associated changes from natural post-antibiotic recovery. Even so, our findings highlight the complexity and inter-individual variability of early post-CDI microbiome recovery and support further investigation of integrative microbiome profiling to describe post-infectious dysbiosis dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (2nd Edition))
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