Insights into the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 573

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
Interests: risk factors; sex-related differences; lipid disorders; familial hypercholesterolemia; residual risk

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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
Interests: hypertension; atrial fibrillation; heart failure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite significant developments in diagnostic tools and treatment, cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of death worldwide.

Ongoing research into novel risk factors and improved management is necessary to improve outcomes. The treatment of classical risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is crucial, but it does not completely eliminate cardiovascular risk. Modern approaches to risk management should incorporate non-classical elements of the lipid profile, including cholesterol remnants, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and lipoprotein (a). Furthermore, evidence suggesting the involvement of systemic inflammation is continuing to increase. Many studies are currently exploring elective treatment options for remaining risks, also known as residual risks. Additionally, a personalised approach, which accounts for differences in specific patients groups, such as sex-related differences, can be more effective.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the influence of novel risk factors on cardiovascular diseases, focusing on their clinical utility, impact on incidence, treatment choices, and potential interventions for prevention.

Dr. Paweł Muszyński
Prof. Dr. Anna Tomaszuk-Kazberuk
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • non-classical risk factors
  • residual risk
  • systemic inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 1161 KB  
Review
The Systemic Link Between Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Contemporary Evidence, Mechanisms, and Risk Factor Implications
by Florinel Cosmin Bida, Florin Razvan Curca, Raoul-Vasile Lupusoru, Dragos Ioan Virvescu, Mihaela Scurtu, Gabriel Rotundu, Oana Maria Butnaru, Teona Tudorici, Ionut Luchian and Dana Gabriela Budala
Diseases 2025, 13(11), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13110354 - 31 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background: Oral health plays a critical role in systemic wellbeing, with growing evidence supporting strong associations between oral conditions and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These connections extend beyond periodontal disease and involve oral microbiota imbalance, systemic inflammation, and oral side effects of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. [...] Read more.
Background: Oral health plays a critical role in systemic wellbeing, with growing evidence supporting strong associations between oral conditions and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These connections extend beyond periodontal disease and involve oral microbiota imbalance, systemic inflammation, and oral side effects of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Objective: To explore these links, a narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering studies published between 2000 and 2025. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies published between January 2000 and May 2025. Both MeSH and free-text terms related to oral health, periodontal disease, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis were used. Eligible studies included observational and interventional research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Key findings: The evidence consistently supports an association between chronic periodontal inflammation and cardiovascular risk, mediated by systemic dissemination of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP) and microbial products that promote endothelial activation and atherogenesis. Interventional data indicate that periodontal therapy may reduce systemic inflammatory burden and improve vascular parameters, though heterogeneity across studies limits causal inference. Conclusions: Current findings highlight a significant oral–systemic connection through inflammatory and endothelial mechanisms. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and cardiovascular care providers is essential to translate this evidence into preventive and therapeutic practice. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are required to confirm causality and guide clinical integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors)
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