Trends in Orofacial Cleft Research

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2711

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
Interests: oral cancer; biomarkers; tumor microenvironment; oral cleft; genetic diseases

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Guest Editor
Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, MG, Brazil
Interests: oral health; oral cancer

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An orofacial cleft, represented by cleft lip, cleft palate, or a combination of both (cleft lip–palate), is one of the most common congenital anomalies globally and the most common in the craniofacial region. It may occur as a manifestation of more than 500 syndromes or as a nonsyndromic isolated condition, which corresponds to approximately 70% of all cases. About 1 in every 700 live births is affected by an orofacial cleft, but considerable geographic and ethnic variations exist. Orofacial clefts are a key health problem, with high rates of infant mortality, mainly in developing countries, and morbidity, affecting the quality of life and many psychosocial aspects for survivors and family members. Moreover, this anomaly imposes a very high overall economic burden on the health system. Only integrated approaches at all levels of healthcare can improve our understanding and lead to novel insights and clinical applications for the prevention and management of patients with orofacial clefts, reversing the current situation, which is concerning for everyone in the field. In the longer term, therapeutic interventions may become a reality. Therefore, an understanding of the pathogenesis of this anomaly at the cellular and molecular levels and the identification of environmental and genetic risk factors are of the utmost importance.

Our goal in launching this Special Issue is to provide opportunities for international experts in this field to publish their studies, highlighting the current state of the art and perspectives for future research to aid in the prevention of orofacial clefts and the management of patients.

Topics covered by this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Epidemiological and clinical features of orofacial clefts;
  2. Environmental risk factors for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and their prevention;
  3. Genetic and epigenetic studies on orofacial clefts;
  4. Dental anomalies and other possible malformations associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts;
  5. Craniofacial growth in patients with orofacial clefts;
  6. Multidisciplinary management of patients with orofacial clefts;
  7. Challenges in the dental and orthodontic treatment of patients with orofacial clefts;
  8. Promotion of oral health in patients with orofacial clefts;
  9. Insights from cleft to non-cleft patients: bridging understanding in craniofacial and dental development.

Prof. Dr. Ricardo D. Coletta
Prof. Dr. Hercílio Martélli-Júnior
Prof. Dr. Erika Calvano Küchler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cleft lip
  • cleft palate
  • epidemiology
  • risk factors
  • craniofacial abnormalities
  • growth and development
  • therapeutics
  • health promotion

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 743 KB  
Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nasoalveolar Molding in the Management of Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cohort Study
by Alba España-Guerrero, Enrique España-Guerrero, Esther Liceras-Liceras, Elena Bullejos-Martínez, Adoración Martínez-Plaza, Miguel Alaminos, Ricardo Fernández-Valadés and Antonio España-López
Dent. J. 2025, 13(9), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13090394 - 28 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background: Children affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) represent a therapeutic challenge requiring the development of novel therapies, such as the implant of a bioengineered tissue—BIOCLEFT—or the use of nasoalveolar molding (NAM). The objective of this work was to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background: Children affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) represent a therapeutic challenge requiring the development of novel therapies, such as the implant of a bioengineered tissue—BIOCLEFT—or the use of nasoalveolar molding (NAM). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of NAM on the surgical and aesthetic outcomes of children with UCLP. Methods: A total of 36 children with UCLP treated at a craniofacial malformations management unit were evaluated, including 23 patients treated with presurgical NAM followed by palate surgical correction (NAM group) and 13 patients treated surgically without previous NAM (non-NAM group). Measurements were obtained from each patient immediately before palate surgery, including four linear measurements: nasal ala projection length (NAPL), nasal dome height (NDH), superoinferior alar groove position (S-I AGP), and nasal dome position (M-L NDP), and two angular measurements: columellar deviation (CD) and nasal bridge deviation (NBD). Results: When NAM was used, a significant improvement of the basilar view linear measurements of the patient’s nose was found, including the NAPL and NDH, and the frontal view linear measurement M-L NDP, but not S-I AGP. Significant improvements were also observed in the angular measurements of nasal symmetry CD and NBD. All these variables, except the S-I AGP, significantly correlated with the treatment group, and two variables—NAPL and CD—significantly contributed to generate a predictive model developed using binary logistic regression. Conclusions: These findings support the use of NAM to efficiently improve the nasal symmetry and the presurgical outcomes of patients with UCLP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Orofacial Cleft Research)
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11 pages, 1531 KB  
Article
Mortality Associated with Orofacial Clefts in Brazil
by Amanda de Andrade Costa, Hildeth Maisa Torres Farias, Daniella Reis B. Martelli, Verônica Oliveira Dias, Brazilian Oral Cleft Group, Ricardo D. Coletta and Hercílio Martelli Junior
Dent. J. 2025, 13(7), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13070282 - 23 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate temporal and geographic trends in mortality among Brazilian individuals with orofacial clefts listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate temporal and geographic trends in mortality among Brazilian individuals with orofacial clefts listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) from 1996 to 2023. Results: The mortality information system registered 987 deaths related to orofacial clefts, with 880 patients under 1 year of age. There was a downward trend in annual mortality rates from 1996 to 2019, followed by an increase from 2020 to 2023. The main associated cause of death was respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The mortality rate for infants under 1 year with orofacial clefts showed greater variation than did the mortality rate of children who died of other causes. The reduction in mortality rates from 1996 to 2019 occurred during the expansion and strengthening of DATASUS and its coordination with other levels of healthcare. The rise in mortality between 2020 and 2023 coincided with a reduction in surgical procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: This study revealed a decline in deaths from orofacial clefts in Brazil over several decades. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing preventable causes of death, including respiratory infections and malnutrition. High mortality within the first year of life—particularly among newborns under 28 days—highlights a critical shortage of pediatricians and its impact on care for individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Orofacial Cleft Research)
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