Trends in Orofacial Cleft Research

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 420

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
Interests: oral cancer; biomarkers; tumor microenvironment; oral cleft; genetic diseases

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Guest Editor
Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, MG, Brazil
Interests: oral health; oral cancer

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An orofacial cleft, represented by cleft lip, cleft palate, or a combination of both (cleft lip–palate), is one of the most common congenital anomalies globally and the most common in the craniofacial region. It may occur as a manifestation of more than 500 syndromes or as a nonsyndromic isolated condition, which corresponds to approximately 70% of all cases. About 1 in every 700 live births is affected by an orofacial cleft, but considerable geographic and ethnic variations exist. Orofacial clefts are a key health problem, with high rates of infant mortality, mainly in developing countries, and morbidity, affecting the quality of life and many psychosocial aspects for survivors and family members. Moreover, this anomaly imposes a very high overall economic burden on the health system. Only integrated approaches at all levels of healthcare can improve our understanding and lead to novel insights and clinical applications for the prevention and management of patients with orofacial clefts, reversing the current situation, which is concerning for everyone in the field. In the longer term, therapeutic interventions may become a reality. Therefore, an understanding of the pathogenesis of this anomaly at the cellular and molecular levels and the identification of environmental and genetic risk factors are of the utmost importance.

Our goal in launching this Special Issue is to provide opportunities for international experts in this field to publish their studies, highlighting the current state of the art and perspectives for future research to aid in the prevention of orofacial clefts and the management of patients.

Topics covered by this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Epidemiological and clinical features of orofacial clefts;
  2. Environmental risk factors for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and their prevention;
  3. Genetic and epigenetic studies on orofacial clefts;
  4. Dental anomalies and other possible malformations associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts;
  5. Craniofacial growth in patients with orofacial clefts;
  6. Multidisciplinary management of patients with orofacial clefts;
  7. Challenges in the dental and orthodontic treatment of patients with orofacial clefts;
  8. Promotion of oral health in patients with orofacial clefts;
  9. Insights from cleft to non-cleft patients: bridging understanding in craniofacial and dental development.

Prof. Dr. Ricardo D. Coletta
Prof. Dr. Hercílio Martélli-Júnior
Prof. Dr. Erika Calvano Küchler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cleft lip
  • cleft palate
  • epidemiology
  • risk factors
  • craniofacial abnormalities
  • growth and development
  • therapeutics
  • health promotion

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1531 KiB  
Article
Mortality Associated with Orofacial Clefts in Brazil
by Amanda de Andrade Costa, Hildeth Maisa Torres Farias, Daniella Reis B. Martelli, Verônica Oliveira Dias, Brazilian Oral Cleft Group, Ricardo D. Coletta and Hercílio Martelli Junior
Dent. J. 2025, 13(7), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13070282 - 23 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate temporal and geographic trends in mortality among Brazilian individuals with orofacial clefts listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate temporal and geographic trends in mortality among Brazilian individuals with orofacial clefts listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) from 1996 to 2023. Results: The mortality information system registered 987 deaths related to orofacial clefts, with 880 patients under 1 year of age. There was a downward trend in annual mortality rates from 1996 to 2019, followed by an increase from 2020 to 2023. The main associated cause of death was respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The mortality rate for infants under 1 year with orofacial clefts showed greater variation than did the mortality rate of children who died of other causes. The reduction in mortality rates from 1996 to 2019 occurred during the expansion and strengthening of DATASUS and its coordination with other levels of healthcare. The rise in mortality between 2020 and 2023 coincided with a reduction in surgical procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: This study revealed a decline in deaths from orofacial clefts in Brazil over several decades. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing preventable causes of death, including respiratory infections and malnutrition. High mortality within the first year of life—particularly among newborns under 28 days—highlights a critical shortage of pediatricians and its impact on care for individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Orofacial Cleft Research)
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