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The Water Security and Management under Climate Change
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The Water Security and Management under Climate Change

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 20090

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nektarios Kourgialas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Water Resources, Irrigation & Env. Geoinformatics Lab, Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, HELLENIC AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION "DIMITRA" - DG AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, 73100 Chania, Greece
Interests: agricultural water management; water resources management and monitoring; extreme hydrological events; hydrological modeling; geoinformatics; GIS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water resources have been experiencing significant stress, resulting in water-related problems in many regions around the world. Recent research advances strongly suggest that climate change is expected to alter the timing and magnitude of all hydrological processes, and will intensify the hydrological cycle. This will affect water and food security, as well as ecosystem services.

The main aim of this special issue is to increase the scientific knowledge on water resources and climate change interactions especially for the agricultural sector. Also, of high importance is to increase water security, under different climate conditions and anthropogenic interventions, through various measures and geoinformatic techniques.

In this special issue selected papers submitted to Water efficiency & Climate resilient agriculture Conference, that will take place from 15 to 17 July 2020 in Chania - Crete (Greece), will be included (https://acw-conference.com/).

Dr. Nektarios Kourgialas

Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Climate is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Water resources management and monitoring 
  • Climate change 
  • Water sustainability
  • Extreme hydrological events 
  • Water quality
  • Salinity 
  • Irrigation 
  • Hydrological modeling
  • Geoinformatics 
  • Decision support systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 4971 KiB  
Article
Hydroclimatic Variability in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia
by Yoseph Arba Orke and Ming-Hsu Li
Climate 2021, 9(6), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9060098 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 4758
Abstract
It is important to understand variations in hydro-meteorological variables to provide crucial information for water resource management and agricultural operation. This study aims to provide comprehensive investigations of hydroclimatic variability in the Bilate watershed for the period 1986 to 2015. Coefficient of variation [...] Read more.
It is important to understand variations in hydro-meteorological variables to provide crucial information for water resource management and agricultural operation. This study aims to provide comprehensive investigations of hydroclimatic variability in the Bilate watershed for the period 1986 to 2015. Coefficient of variation (CV) and the standardized anomaly index (SAI) were used to assess the variability of rainfall, temperature, and streamflow. Changing point detection, the Mann–Kendell test, and the Sen’s slope estimator were employed to detect shifting points and trends, respectively. Rainfall and streamflow exhibited higher variability in the Bega (dry) and Belg (minor rainy) seasons than in the Kiremt (main rainy) season. Temperature showed an upward shift of 0.91 °C in the early 1990s. Reduction in rainfall (−11%) and streamflow (−42%) were found after changing points around late 1990s and 2000s, respectively. The changing points detected were likely related to the ENSO episodes. The trend test indicated a significant rise in temperature with a faster increase in the minimum temperature (0.06 °C/year) than the maximum temperature (0.02 °C/year). Both annual mean rainfall and streamflow showed significant decreasing trends of 8.32 mm/year and 3.64 mm/year, respectively. With significant increase in temperature and reduction in rainfall, the watershed has been experiencing a decline in streamflow and a shortage of available water. Adaptation measures should be developed by taking the increasing temperature and the declining and erratic nature of rainfall into consideration for water management and agricultural activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Water Security and Management under Climate Change)
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11 pages, 1080 KiB  
Article
Adaptation of Mediterranean Olive Groves to Climate Change through Sustainable Cultivation Practices
by G. Michalopoulos, K. A. Kasapi, G. Koubouris, G. Psarras, G. Arampatzis, E. Hatzigiannakis, V. Kavvadias, C. Xiloyannis, G. Montanaro, S. Malliaraki, A. Angelaki, C. Manolaraki, G. Giakoumaki, S. Reppas, N. Kourgialas and G. Kokkinos
Climate 2020, 8(4), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8040054 - 11 Apr 2020
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 9055
Abstract
Olive cultivation is considered as one of the most significant agricultural activities in Greece, from a financial, social, and ecological point of view. Intensive cultivation practices in combination with the Mediterranean climate, lead to depletion of soil organic matter, erosion, desertification, and degradation [...] Read more.
Olive cultivation is considered as one of the most significant agricultural activities in Greece, from a financial, social, and ecological point of view. Intensive cultivation practices in combination with the Mediterranean climate, lead to depletion of soil organic matter, erosion, desertification, and degradation of water resources. This paper describes sustainable olive crop management practices that were comparatively applied in 120 olive groves in Greece for 5 years with the participation of three farmers groups. Organic materials recycled in the olive groves during the present study were valuable sources of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Carbon content was highest in pruning residue (53.8–54.2%) while all materials studied were considered rich in C ranging between 41.9–46.2% (compost) and 34.9–42.5% (three-phase olive mill waste-OMW). The highest content in nitrogen was detected in compost (2–2.45%) followed by pruning residue (0.93–0.99%) and OMW (0.03–0.1%). Compost was considered a good source of phosphorus (0.3–0.6%) followed by pruning residue (0.08–0.13%) and OMW (0.01–0.3%). Potassium was also considerable in the organic materials recycled ranging 0.5–1.5% in compost followed by pruning residue (0.5–0.7%) and OMW (0.3–1.1%). Adoption of modified pruning also had important contribution toward sustainable management of olive trees. Sustainable pruning resulted in a well-balanced ratio between vegetative growth and fruiting (balanced, every year, in order to eradicate biennial bearing). Significant fluctuation in olive yields was observed in the first years of the project while yields were gradually stabilised by applying sustainable crop management. In parallel, yield increase without additional inputs, lowers the carbon—environmental footprint of the product regarding several environmental impact categories. Results can be integrated in the national agricultural and environmental policy in Mediterranean countries toward the achievement of a circular economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Water Security and Management under Climate Change)
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Review

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19 pages, 6573 KiB  
Review
Impact of Seasonal Variation in Climate on Water Quality of Old Woman Creek Watershed Ohio Using SWAT
by Israel A. Olaoye, Remegio B. Confesor, Jr. and Joseph D. Ortiz
Climate 2021, 9(3), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9030050 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5285
Abstract
The effect of the projected 21st century climate change on water quality in Old Woman Creek (OWC) watershed was evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the precipitation and temperature projections from three best Global Climate Circulation Model (GCM)l ensemble [...] Read more.
The effect of the projected 21st century climate change on water quality in Old Woman Creek (OWC) watershed was evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the precipitation and temperature projections from three best Global Climate Circulation Model (GCM)l ensemble downloaded from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). These three best GCMs (GFDL-ESM2M, MPI-ESM-MR, EC-EARTH) were identified as those closest to the multivariate ensemble average of twenty different GCM-driven SWAT simulations. Seasonal analysis was undertaken in historical (1985–2014), current to near future (2018–2045), mid-century (2046–2075), and late-century (2076–2100) climate windows. The hydrological model calibration was carried out using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and pareto optimization. Simulations were made for stream flow and nine water quality variables (sediment, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, mineral phosphorus, chlorophyll a, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) of interest. The average of twenty different CMIP5-driven SWAT simulation results showed good correlation for all the 10 variables with the PRISM-driven SWAT simulation results in the historical climate window (1985–2014). For the historical period, the result shows an over-estimation of flow, sediment, and organic nitrogen from January to March in simulations with CMIP5 inputs, relative to simulations with PRISM input. For the other climate windows, the simulation results show a progressive increase in stream flow with peak flow month shifting from April to March. The expected seasonal changes in each water quality variable have implications for the OWC estuary and Lake Erie water quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Water Security and Management under Climate Change)
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