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Catalysts for the Production of Chemicals or Fuels from Lignocellulosic...
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Catalysts for the Production of Chemicals or Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomass Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 3062

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Umer Rashid

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Guest Editor
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: catalysts; photocatalysis; nano-composites; wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai

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Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; adsorption; biomass conversion into biofuels and biochemicals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fahad A. Alharthi

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Interests: nanomaterials and their applications such as: renewable energy; water and wastewater treatments; photocatalysis, synthesis, characterization and study of inorganic semiconductors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lignocellulosic biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts produced from biomass are receiving much attention from researchers, as biomass a renewable resource from plants mainly composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and aromatic polymer (lignin). It can be better managed and utilized for various applications, such as in value-added chemicals and fuels. The extensive application of activated carbon from biomass in industrial processes, which is used as a catalyst's support, is due to its cost being lower than silica, activated alumina, and zeolites.

Together with the global economic evaluation and the expansion of the automobile industry sectors, researchers consistently provide the most remarkable discoveries and inventions to produce valuable alternative chemicals to replace the existing ones. Biodegradable chemicals and biofuels have gained popularity worldwide because they are renewable and energy efficient, and are primarily made from crop waste and recycled resources. Biofuels are one of the best alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Their use is growing worldwide; they are highly biodegradable, have minimal toxicity, and have almost zero emissions of sulfates, aromatic compounds, and other chemical substances that are harmful to the environment.

Dr. Umer Rashid
Dr. Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Dr. Fahad A. Alharthi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • lignocellulose
  • green nanocatalysts
  • nanocomposite
  • magnetic nanocatalysts
  • valuable chemicals
  • biomass pyrolysis
  • biodiesel
  • bioethanol
  • jet biofuels

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

28 pages, 12063 KiB  
Article
Improving the Antioxidant Activity, Yield, and Hydrocarbon Content of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Açaí Seeds by Chemical Activation: Effect of Temperature and Molarity
by Flávio Pinheiro Valois, Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Lucas Pinto Bernar, Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz, Marcelo Costa Santos, Waldeci Paraguassu Feio, Renan Marcelo Pereira Silva, Neyson Martins Mendonça, Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Sergio Duvoisin Jr., Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes, Victor Ricardo Costa Sousa, Marta Chagas Monteiro and Nélio Teixeira Machado
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010044 - 9 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2482
Abstract
Biomass-derived products are a promising way to substitute the necessity for petroleum-derived products, since lignocellulosic material is widely available in our atmosphere and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), due to zero net emissions of CO2. This study explores [...] Read more.
Biomass-derived products are a promising way to substitute the necessity for petroleum-derived products, since lignocellulosic material is widely available in our atmosphere and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), due to zero net emissions of CO2. This study explores the impact of temperature and molarity on the pyrolysis of açaí seeds (Euterpe oleracea, Mart.) activated with KOH and subsequently on the yield of bio-oil, hydrocarbon content of bio-oil, antioxidant activity of bio-oil, and chemical composition of the aqueous phase. The experiments were carried out at 350, 400, and 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 2.0 M KOH, and at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 2.0 M KOH, at laboratory scale. The composition of bio-oils and the aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS, while the acid value, a physicochemical property of fundamental importance in biofuels, was determined by AOCS methods. The antioxidant activity of bio-oils was determined by the TEAC method. The solid phase (biochar) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffractograms identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3) in biochar, and those higher temperatures favor the formation peaks of Kalicinite (KHCO3). The pyrolysis of açaí seeds activated with KOH show bio-oil yields from 3.19 to 6.79 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 20.34 and 25.57 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 33.40 and 43.37 (wt.%), and gas yields from 31.85 to 34.45 (wt.%). The yield of bio-oil shows a smooth exponential increase with temperature. The acidity of bio-oil varied between 12.3 and 257.6 mg KOH/g, decreasing exponentially with temperature, while that of the aqueous phase varied between 17.9 and 118.9 mg KOH/g, showing an exponential decay behavior with temperature and demonstrating that higher temperatures favor not only the yield of bio-oil but also bio-oils with lower acidity. For the experiments with KOH activation, the GC-MS of bio-oil identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, and esters). The concentration of hydrocarbons varied between 10.19 and 25.71 (area.%), increasing with temperature, while that of oxygenates varied between 52.69 and 72.15 (area.%), decreasing with temperature. For the experiments with constant temperature, the concentrations of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased exponentially with molarity, while those of oxygenates decreased exponentially, showing that higher molarities favor the formation of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The antioxidant activity of bio-oils decreases with increasing temperature, as the content of phenolic compounds decreases, and it decreases with increasing KOH molarity, as higher molarities favor the formation of hydrocarbons. Finally, it can be concluded that chemical activation of açaí seeds with KOH favors not only the yield of bio-oil but also the content of hydrocarbons. The study of process variables is of utmost importance in order to clearly assess reaction mechanisms, economic viability, and design goals that could be derived from chemically activated biomass pyrolysis processes. The study of the antioxidant properties of pyrolysis oils provides insight into new products derived from biomass pyrolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for the Production of Chemicals or Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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