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Biophysica
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Live Cell Microscopy
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Live Cell Microscopy

A special issue of Biophysica (ISSN 2673-4125).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 4637

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Herbert Schneckenburger

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
Interests: biomedical optics; laser; microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Christoph Cremer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
2. Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Interests: advanced light microscopy methods to elucidate biological nanostructures; biophysics of the cell nucleus as the seat of genetic information and of gene regulation; development & biomedical applications of super-resolution methods to overcome the limits of conventional light microscopy, down to the nanometer range of optical and structural resolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light microscopy has emerged as one of the fundamental methods to analyse biological systems; applying super-resolution microscopy (SRM), an optical resolution down to the sub-nanometer range has recently been realized. However, most of these achievements have been made with fixed specimens, i.e. direct information about the dynamics of the biosystem studied was not possible. This stimulated the  development of live cell microscopy approaches, e.g. Low Illumination Fluorescence Microscopy, Light Sheet Microscopy (LSM), Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), or Single Particle Tracking. This Special Issue is intended to provide an overview of recent developments in this field, as well as further perspectives, e.g. in terms of experimental improvements, or in the digital analysis of the typically huge data sets. The special issue includes preparation techniques of 2D and 3D specimens as well as various methods of transillumination, scattering and fluorescence microscopy. Label-free methods, e.g. phase or interference microscopy, Raman or autofluorescence microscopy may be addressed as well as the application of fluorescent probes or proteins. A further topic are micromanipulation techniques, e.g. laser tweezers or laser-assisted optoporation.

Prof. Dr. Herbert Schneckenburger
Prof. Dr. Christoph Cremer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biophysica is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • living cells
  • low light exposure
  • 3D microscopy
  • super-resolution
  • laser micromanipulation
  • image acquisition and processing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 1634 KB  
Article
Assessing the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with Exogenous PpIX and Rose Bengal in an Ex Vivo Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Low-Grade pTa Model
by Dominik Godlewski, Michał Osuchowski, Tomasz Kubrak, Agnieszka Przygórzewska, Sara Czech and David Aebisher
Biophysica 2026, 6(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica6030041 - 8 May 2026
Viewed by 309
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple procedure regarding the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment as a minimally invasive modality for treating superficial bladder cancer that utilizes a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluates the histopathological and morphological [...] Read more.
Herein, we report a simple procedure regarding the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment as a minimally invasive modality for treating superficial bladder cancer that utilizes a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluates the histopathological and morphological changes induced by PDT in an ex vivo model of low-grade (LG) pTa non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We investigated the efficacy of exogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and Rose Bengal (RB) by incubating tissue samples (n = 30) with an oxygen-saturated solution of PpIX (1–3 mM) or RB (0.3–0.5 mM) for one hour. Since the criticism of using frozen tissue in research already exists, this framing explains how to mitigate those limitations. Thus, we use oxygen-saturated solutions PpIX and oxygen-saturated solutions of RB. We discussed a few aspects related to the use of frozen tissue in PDT. Frozen tissue preserves lipids critical for assessing membrane damage and maintains higher levels of metabolic markers like antioxidant molecules like glutathione and more likely lack factors such as metabolic activity, intact cell membranes, and oxygenation. It is critical to differentiate between “artifactual” changes and the “pathological” death of cells. Thus, we used histopathological microscopy observation typically used in daily clinical investigations to characterize cells before and after PDT. Following irradiation with the light dose of 72 J/cm2 (410 nm or 532 nm at 300 mW for 15 min), hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed concentration-dependent apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, pyknosis, and nuclear fragmentation. While both agents induced cell death, RB demonstrated faster and more intense cytotoxicity than PpIX. These findings provide microscopic evidence of PDT-induced tumor destruction and suggest that RB is a potent candidate for further preclinical evaluation. At 410 nm (deep blue/violet), light penetration in biological tissue is very shallow, typically only around 0.3 to 1 mm; therefore, in a 2 mm thick tissue sample, most of the light would be absorbed within the first millimeter, with minimal light reaching the full depth of tissues. In this protocol, the generated ROS is used to destroy tumor tissue by attacking the cellular microenvironment directly. This led to immediate membrane disruption and lipid peroxidation. The proof-of-concept is an early-stage study designed to verify that a PDT treatment is feasible, safe, and biologically active in an ex vivo model of LG pTa NMIBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Live Cell Microscopy)
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Review

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16 pages, 1427 KB  
Review
Keeping Cells Alive in Microscopy
by Herbert Schneckenburger and Christoph Cremer
Biophysica 2025, 5(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica5010001 - 6 Jan 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3121
Abstract
Light microscopy has emerged as one of the fundamental methods to analyze biological systems; novel techniques of 3D microscopy and super-resolution microscopy (SRM) with an optical resolution down to the sub-nanometer range have recently been realized. However, most of these achievements have been [...] Read more.
Light microscopy has emerged as one of the fundamental methods to analyze biological systems; novel techniques of 3D microscopy and super-resolution microscopy (SRM) with an optical resolution down to the sub-nanometer range have recently been realized. However, most of these achievements have been made with fixed specimens, i.e., direct information about the dynamics of the biosystem studied was not possible. This stimulated the development of live cell microscopy imaging approaches, including Low Illumination Fluorescence Microscopy, Light Sheet (Fluorescence) Microscopy (LSFM), or Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). Here, we discuss perspectives, methods, and relevant light doses of advanced fluorescence microscopy imaging to keep the cells alive at low levels of phototoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Live Cell Microscopy)
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