3D Cell Culture Systems for Biomedical Research, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 563

Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: biomaterials; surface functionalisation; regenerative medicine; targeted therapies in cancer; angiogenesis
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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: regenerative medicine; neurodegeneration; neuroregeneration; Alzheimer’s disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, 3D cell culture systems have become one of the most relevant models in biological research; they are employed in a broad range of studies, particularly in the human health field, and are often chosen over traditional 2D (monolayer) in vitro cell cultures. They have a spatial structure, which enables the possibility of cell–cell interactions, and the model’s scaffold surface can mimic the tissue microenvironment. Three-dimensional cell culture systems may be useful in the development of new biomaterials or for surface functionalisation, which is the basis of tissue engineering. Moreover, some 3D structures may provide alternative solutions for tumour in vitro models and act as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo investigations. Three-dimensional models have the potential to depict advanced scaffold-linked pathology conditions in tissues and serve as a model for the design of new therapies. Interdisciplinary techniques are greatly needed to evaluate and visualise these structures and the experimental results.

We hope that this Special Issue will provide significant insight into the most advanced 3D cell culture models and encourage researchers to share their unique research and models to enable us to better understand and project future research with more adequate models.

Dr. Agnieszka Rusak
Dr. Benita Wiatrak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • 3D
  • scaffolds
  • spheroids
  • biomaterials
  • tumour model
  • bioengineering
  • tissue regeneration
  • regenerative medicine
  • targeted therapies
  • tissue mimics
  • angiogenesis
  • cancerogenesis
  • drug development
  • 3D printing
  • material functionalisation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3056 KB  
Article
Live Imaging of Nitric Oxide Dynamics Reveals Cell Type-Specific NO Signaling in Air–Liquid Interface Cultures of Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells
by Sakura Hirokane, Keiichiro Kiyohara, Sachio Takeno, Tsuyoshi Sugimoto, Tomohiro Kawasumi, Yukako Okamoto, Rikuto Fujita, Chie Ishikawa, Yuichiro Horibe, Takashi Ishino, Takao Hamamoto and Tsutomu Ueda
Biomedicines 2026, 14(6), 1340; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14061340 - 12 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with epithelial remodeling, impaired mucociliary clearance, and altered nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying epithelial NO signaling remain poorly understood. This study investigated NO-related signaling in differentiated human sinonasal epithelial [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with epithelial remodeling, impaired mucociliary clearance, and altered nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying epithelial NO signaling remain poorly understood. This study investigated NO-related signaling in differentiated human sinonasal epithelial cells. Methods: Human sinonasal tissues were obtained from patients with CRSwNP (n = 20) and control subjects (n = 20). Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures were established from donor-derived epithelial cells. Ciliated and non-ciliated cells were identified by immunostaining for acetylated α-tubulin and BCAM. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Intracellular NO-related fluorescence signals were evaluated using DAF-FM fluorescence imaging. Results: CRSwNP tissues exhibited significantly increased iNOS expression and elevated iNOS/eNOS ratios, whereas eNOS expression did not differ significantly from that in controls. ALI cultures reproduced differentiated sinonasal epithelium containing both ciliated and non-ciliated cell populations. DAF-FM fluorescence signals were significantly higher in ciliated cells than in non-ciliated cells (80.3 ± 25.3 vs. 49.3 ± 21.1). Non-selective NOS inhibition markedly reduced fluorescence signals in both cell types, whereas selective iNOS inhibition reduced but did not abolish signals in ciliated cells. Conclusions: NO-related signaling appears to differ among epithelial cell subtypes. Persistence of fluorescence signals after selective iNOS inhibition suggests a contribution of constitutive NOS activity in ciliated cells, whereas non-ciliated cells appear to rely more heavily on iNOS-dependent pathways. These findings support the hypothesis that altered epithelial NO signaling contributes to epithelial dysfunction and impaired mucociliary homeostasis in CRSwNP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Cell Culture Systems for Biomedical Research, 2nd Edition)
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