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Biomedicines
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Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 5566

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesca Cipressa

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Guest Editor
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
Interests: genome stability; neurodegeneration; drosophila; disease Models
Dr. Michela Di Salvio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2. Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology (IBPM), CNR, Rome, Italy
Interests: neurodegeneration; ASL; drosophila; disease models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

The scope of this Special Issue on “Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases” is to share and discuss research advances in neurodegenerative disorders.

Topics will cover different aspects of research in neurodegeneration, thus allowing crosstalk and integration among many issues of neurodegenerative diseases, such as comprehension of pathogenesis, management of patients, and therapy strategy.

This Special Issue is focused on basic research aimed at the understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, on translational research, development of animal models of disease, clinical advances, methods in diagnosis and neuroimaging, development and validation of potential drugs, and therapy approaches.

Altogether, these approaches are instrumental for the comprehension of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and will allow us to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Dr. Francesca Cipressa
Dr. Michela Di Salvio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurons
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • neurogenetics
  • neurogenomics
  • brain development
  • neuroimaging
  • methods
  • drug discoveries
  • model organisms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6289 KiB  
Article
Morphofunctional Changes in Brain and Peripheral Blood in Adult and Aged Wistar Rats with AlCl3-Induced Neurodegeneration
by Alexandra Vladislavovna Sentyabreva, Ekaterina Alexandrovna Miroshnichenko, Ekaterina Andreevna Melnikova, Ivan Sergeevich Tsvetkov and Anna Mikhailovna Kosyreva
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2336; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092336 - 22 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Background: the general lifespan has been prolonged greatly during the past century, and the incidence of age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative ones, has increased as well. However, modelling of age-related pathologies is mostly conducted on adult rodents. We studied morphofunctional changes in the brain [...] Read more.
Background: the general lifespan has been prolonged greatly during the past century, and the incidence of age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative ones, has increased as well. However, modelling of age-related pathologies is mostly conducted on adult rodents. We studied morphofunctional changes in the brain and peripheral blood of adult Wistar rats in comparison with old Wistar rats to determine age-related physiological changes and differences in adaptive reactions to AlCl3 exposure. Methods: the work was performed on adult and old male Wistar rats. The animals consumed a 100 mg/kg solution of AlCl3 each day for 60 days. Morphological changes of neurons and microglia, mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation markers, amyloid-related proteins, and hallmarks of cellular senescence, monocyte, and lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood were examined. Results: old rats showed increasing hyperchromic neurons in the hippocampus; activation of microglia; upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular senescence markers; downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines; and Hif-1a and a decrease in B-cells and monocyte in peripheral blood. Conclusion: compared to young animals, aged rats respond to aluminum exposure with a severe decline of most cells’ function and irreversible neuronal loss. Regarding all reported data, neurodegeneration modelling and investigating of factors capable of accelerating or preventing it should be performed in experimental work on aged animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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10 pages, 1328 KiB  
Article
Do Epilepsy Patients with Cognitive Impairment Have Alzheimer’s Disease-like Brain Metabolism?
by Michael He, Tiffany A. Kolesar, Andrew L. Goertzen, Marcus C. Ng and Ji Hyun Ko
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041108 - 6 Apr 2023
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Abstract
Although not classically considered together, there is emerging evidence that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and epilepsy share a number of features and that each disease predisposes patients to developing the other. Using machine learning, we have previously developed an automated fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [...] Read more.
Although not classically considered together, there is emerging evidence that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and epilepsy share a number of features and that each disease predisposes patients to developing the other. Using machine learning, we have previously developed an automated fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) reading program (i.e., MAD), and demonstrated good sensitivity (84%) and specificity (95%) for differentiating AD patients versus healthy controls. In this retrospective chart review study, we investigated if epilepsy patients with/without mild cognitive symptoms also show AD-like metabolic patterns determined by the MAD algorithm. Scans from a total of 20 patients with epilepsy were included in this study. Because AD diagnoses are made late in life, only patients aged ≥40 years were considered. For the cognitively impaired patients, four of six were identified as MAD+ (i.e., the FDG-PET image is classified as AD-like by the MAD algorithm), while none of the five cognitively normal patients was identified as MAD+ (χ2 = 8.148, p = 0.017). These results potentially suggest the usability of FDG-PET in prognosticating later dementia development in non-demented epilepsy patients, especially when combined with machine learning algorithms. A longitudinal follow-up study is warranted to assess the effectiveness of this approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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Review

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38 pages, 3613 KiB  
Review
Advances in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Leyao Li, Lakshmy Vasan, Bryan Kartono, Kevan Clifford, Ahmadreza Attarpour, Raghav Sharma, Matthew Mandrozos, Ain Kim, Wenda Zhao, Ari Belotserkovsky, Claire Verkuyl and Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2725; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102725 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are gene therapy delivery tools that offer a promising platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Keeping up with developments in this fast-moving area of research is a challenge. This review was thus written with the intention to [...] Read more.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are gene therapy delivery tools that offer a promising platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Keeping up with developments in this fast-moving area of research is a challenge. This review was thus written with the intention to introduce this field of study to those who are new to it and direct others who are struggling to stay abreast of the literature towards notable recent studies. In ten sections, we briefly highlight early milestones within this field and its first clinical success stories. We showcase current clinical trials, which focus on gene replacement, gene augmentation, or gene suppression strategies. Next, we discuss ongoing efforts to improve the tropism of rAAV vectors for brain applications and introduce pre-clinical research directed toward harnessing rAAV vectors for gene editing applications. Subsequently, we present common genetic elements coded by the single-stranded DNA of rAAV vectors, their so-called payloads. Our focus is on recent advances that are bound to increase treatment efficacies. As needed, we included studies outside the neurodegenerative disease field that showcased improved pre-clinical designs of all-in-one rAAV vectors for gene editing applications. Finally, we discuss risks associated with off-target effects and inadvertent immunogenicity that these technologies harbor as well as the mitigation strategies available to date to make their application safer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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