Viral Hepatitis: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 924

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Interests: drug resistance; viral evolution; viral hepatitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hepatitis remains a leading global cause of liver disease, cancer, and mortality, despite major advances in prevention and treatment. This Special Issue aims to bring together current research and emerging insights that deepen our understanding of viral pathogenesis and host–virus interactions, while highlighting new diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. We invite contributions focusing on all major hepatotropic viruses, including HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV, as well as relevant model systems and comparative studies. Topics of interest include mechanisms of viral persistence, immune evasion, and liver injury; development of antiviral resistance; host genetic and immunologic determinants of disease outcome; and advances in vaccines, antiviral agents, and immunomodulatory therapies. We also welcome translational and clinical studies exploring biomarkers, treatment optimization, and viral co-infections in special populations. By integrating mechanistic, translational, and clinical perspectives, this collection seeks to inform future strategies for achieving global hepatitis elimination and improving patient care.

Dr. Manish C. Choudhary
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • viral hepatitis
  • hepatotropic viruses
  • viral persistence
  • immunomodulatory
  • antiviral resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2334 KB  
Article
Cut or Count? Evaluating Advanced Fibrosis Assessment Tools in MASH and Chronic Viral Hepatitis
by Ivana Milošević, Branko Beronja, Nada Tomanović, Marina Đelić, Nikola Mitrović, Dragana Kalajanović and Ankica Vujović
Biomedicines 2026, 14(5), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14050988 - 25 Apr 2026
Viewed by 740
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chronic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), are major global health concerns due to their potential progression to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because liver biopsy, despite meeting the diagnostic gold standard, is invasive [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Chronic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), are major global health concerns due to their potential progression to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because liver biopsy, despite meeting the diagnostic gold standard, is invasive and associated with complications, non-invasive fibrosis assessment tools have been increasingly recommended in clinical practice. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of several non-invasive fibrosis markers (ARR, APRI, FI, FIB-4, API, NFS, BARD) and transient elastography in detecting advanced liver fibrosis (F4) in patients with MASH and CVH. Methods: This retrospective study included 237 adult patients (77 MASH, 160 CVH) who underwent liver biopsy between 2017 and 2025 at the University Clinical Center of Serbia. CVH included chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C (CHC). Patients were evaluated using serum fibrosis indices and TE, and results were compared to histological staging (F0–F4). ROC analysis assessed diagnostic performance. Results: Cirrhosis (F4) was more common in CVH than MASH (p < 0.001). In MASH, NFS (AUROC 0.931), FIB-4 (0.915), BARD (0.872), and APRI (0.878) showed high diagnostic accuracy for F4. In CHC, APRI (0.931), FIB-4 (0.863), and TE (0.938) had strong performance, while in CHB, TE (0.987) outperformed FIB-4 (0.821). Sensitivity and specificity varied by test and cohort, with TE consistently yielding the best results where available. Conclusions: Non-invasive methods, particularly NFS and FIB-4 for MASH and TE for CVH, effectively identify advanced fibrosis. Their application could significantly reduce the need for biopsy, especially in high-risk groups. TE demonstrated superior accuracy, but access limitations highlight the continued relevance of serum-based scores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches)
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