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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Exosomes and Their Role in Diseases—2nd Edition
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Exosomes and Their Role in Diseases—2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 4945

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Olivier D. Loudig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
Interests: biomarker discovery; miRNA; breast cancer; exosomes; cancer detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Small extracellular vesicles (small EVs), including exosomes, are phospholipid bilayered nanosized particles (~30 to 120 nm in diameter), which are released by virtually all cells and mediate both local and long-distance intercellular communication via physical transport of a variety of biomolecules (DNA, RNAs, proteins, lipids, etc.) and the indirect delivery of cellular signals. Small EVs and exosomes are robust biological devices whose integrity is maintained in the extracellular environment and can diffuse, circulate, and be found in virtually all biofluids. Due to their biogenesis via double-inward budding of the cellular membrane, small EVs and exosomes harbor unique surface molecular fingerprints inherited from their cell of origin, which can be targeted for purification and analysis of their encapsulated cargos using a vast array of ultrasensitive molecular assays. Thus, circulating and biofluid-based small EVs and exosomes represent an advantageous source of cell-specific biomarkers for monitoring human diseases but are also invaluable biological beacons for the targeted and nonpermanent delivery of therapeutics. Ongoing molecular and preclinical studies are investigating their potential for non-invasive detection of human diseases, particularly but not exclusively human cancers, for monitoring disease treatment–response, and the delivery of active compounds for targeted cellular therapy. This Special Issue welcomes reviews and original studies in all research and preclinical fields investigating the potential and demonstrated usefulness of small EVs and exosomes for detection and treatment of human diseases, injuries, and infections.

Dr. Olivier D. Loudig
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • small extracellular vesicles
  • small EVs
  • exosomes
  • human cancers
  • early detection
  • treatment
  • infection
  • injury
  • delivery
  • monitoring
  • brain
  • placenta
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • asthma
  • COPD

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

23 pages, 1294 KiB  
Review
Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions
by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves and Luis M. Quirós
Biomedicines 2025, 13(1), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010233 - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1193
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can trigger a wide variety [...] Read more.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can trigger a wide variety of effects by transferring the molecular cargo to recipient cells. In the context of ocular physiology, exosomes play a very important role in embryological development, the regulation of homeostasis and the immune system, which is crucial for normal vision. Consequently, in pathological situations, exosomes also undergo modifications in terms of quantity, composition and content, depending on the etiology of the disease. However, the mechanisms by which exosomes contribute to ocular pathology has not yet been studied in depth, and many questions remain unanswered. This review aims to summarize the most recent knowledge on the function of exosomes in the ocular system in healthy individuals and the role they play during pathological processes of a degenerative, infectious, neurodegenerative, vascular and inflammatory nature, such as keratoconus, keratitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and uveitis. Furthermore, given their unique characteristics, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic agents and their application in clinical ophthalmology are also explored, along with the main limitations that researchers face today in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes and Their Role in Diseases—2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 1775 KiB  
Review
Beyond Blood Clotting: The Many Roles of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
by Barathan Muttiah, Sook Luan Ng, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Min Hwei Ng and Jia Xian Law
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1850; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081850 - 14 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3379
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are emerging as pivotal players in numerous physiological and pathological processes, extending beyond their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. As one of the most abundant vesicle types in human blood, pEVs transport a diverse array of bioactive molecules, [...] Read more.
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are emerging as pivotal players in numerous physiological and pathological processes, extending beyond their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. As one of the most abundant vesicle types in human blood, pEVs transport a diverse array of bioactive molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, and clotting factors, facilitating crucial intercellular communication, immune regulation, and tissue healing. The unique ability of pEVs to traverse tissue barriers and their biocompatibility position them as promising candidates for targeted drug delivery and regenerative medicine applications. Recent studies have underscored their involvement in cancer progression, viral infections, wound healing, osteoarthritis, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherothrombosis. For instance, pEVs promote tumor progression and metastasis, enhance tissue repair, and contribute to thrombo-inflammation in diseases such as COVID-19. Despite their potential, challenges remain, including the need for standardized isolation techniques and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action. Current research efforts are focused on leveraging pEVs for innovative anti-cancer treatments, advanced drug delivery systems, regenerative therapies, and as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. This review highlights the necessity of overcoming technical hurdles, refining isolation methods, and establishing standardized protocols to fully unlock the therapeutic potential of pEVs. By understanding the diverse functions and applications of pEVs, we can advance their use in clinical settings, ultimately revolutionizing treatment strategies across various medical fields and improving patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes and Their Role in Diseases—2nd Edition)
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