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Biomedicines
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Pathogenesis and Novel Diagnostic Techniques in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis—Second Edition
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Pathogenesis and Novel Diagnostic Techniques in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis—Second Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 January 2027 | Viewed by 2085

Editor

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Practical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: connective tissue diseases; pathology of the extracellular matrix; laboratory medicine; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis' (JIA) is used to define a heterogeneous collection of autoimmune or autoinflammatory forms of chronic arthritis with an onset in childhood and origins that are not yet entirely understood.

There are no pathognomonic symptoms or examination findings for JIA, and its diagnosis is made by exclusion and differentiation. JIA that is diagnosed too late or poorly treated may contribute to the disability of an afflicted child due to disturbances in the structure and function of their osteoarticular system. The prompt detection of structural disorders of the articular cartilage would allow clinicians to initiate appropriate therapies, which is essential for the course of the arthropathy in question. If the appropriate treatment is administered too late, due to a lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers, pathological changes in the patient’s motor system may continue, or systemic disorders may develop, especially in those with high disease activity who require aggressive therapy.

It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of JIA, seeking new biomarkers of the disease and effective therapeutic methods. We invite researchers to submit original work or review articles covering significant developments in the pathogenesis of children’s arthritis, as well as novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • pathogenesis, cartilage and bone anabolism and catabolism
  • diagnostics
  • treatment
  • prevention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 558 KB  
Article
Association Between Clinical Signs and CBCT-Confirmed TMJ Involvement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Diagnostic Value of Facial Asymmetry and Mandibular Mobility
by Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska and Tomasz Kulczyk
Biomedicines 2026, 14(5), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14051164 - 21 May 2026
Viewed by 564
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease in children, characterized by joint inflammation lasting at least six months. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement can occur in conjunction with other joints and may often be asymptomatic in its [...] Read more.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease in children, characterized by joint inflammation lasting at least six months. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement can occur in conjunction with other joints and may often be asymptomatic in its early stages. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between clinical symptoms of the stomatognathic system and radiologically confirmed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-detected structural TMJ changes in children with JIA. The research hypothesis posits that specific clinical symptoms are more prevalent in patients with CBCT-confirmed structural TMJ changes. Methods: A cohort of children diagnosed with JIA was examined. Clinical symptoms, including facial asymmetry, limited mandibular movement, and joint and masticatory muscle pain upon palpation, were assessed. CBCT imaging was performed to assess osseous TMJ structural changes. Results: The frequency of orofacial clinical symptoms was assessed and compared between patients with and without radiological evidence of TMJ involvement. Children with CBCT-confirmed TMJ changes demonstrated significantly higher rates of facial asymmetry, reduced maximum mouth opening, mandibular deviation during opening, and limitations in lateral or protrusive movements compared with those without TMJ involvement. Pain-related symptoms (TMJ pain, muscle tenderness, and pain during movement) and joint sounds occurred at similar frequencies in both groups. Conclusions: Facial asymmetry, mandibular deviation during opening and reduced mandibular mobility are the clinical signs most strongly associated with structural TMJ involvement in JIA and should prompt targeted imaging. Pain-related symptoms show limited diagnostic value, highlighting the need for focused clinical assessment and future studies integrating CBCT and MRI to refine early screening protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Novel Diagnostic Techniques in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis—Second Edition)
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21 pages, 796 KB  
Article
Assessment of Aerobic Capacity and Other Cardiopulmonary Parameters in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
by Aleksandra Stasiak, Piotr Kędziora, Aleksandra Ryk, Jerzy Stańczyk and Elżbieta Smolewska
Biomedicines 2025, 13(11), 2672; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13112672 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1057
Abstract
Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It is believed that children with JIA have lower cardiopulmonary capacity and worse exercise tolerance. The gold standard for assessing physical fitness is aerobic fitness, commonly referred to as [...] Read more.
Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It is believed that children with JIA have lower cardiopulmonary capacity and worse exercise tolerance. The gold standard for assessing physical fitness is aerobic fitness, commonly referred to as the maximum or peak oxygen uptake volume (peakVO2) measured during a maximum load exercise test. Reduced aerobic fitness may play a key role in predicting the health of JIA patients as it has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and increased adult mortality. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the oxygen capacity of adolescents with JIA along with other cardiopulmonary parameters in order to determine a group of patients with increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in comparison with healthy individuals. Patients were assessed based on parameters such as age, sex, type of JIA, laboratory parameters, physical activity, and treatment. Results: Patients with JIA had lower median values of peakVO2 (29.05 vs. 38.02 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001), as well as other crucial cardiopulmonary parameters, such as O2 pulse, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, and cardiac output than in the healthy control group. The ventilatory anaerobic threshold was achieved earlier and at lower VO2 values in children with JIA (p = 0.0001). Children with JIA also had lowered respiratory parameters such as maximal voluntary ventilation (p = 0.0031) and tidal volume (p = 0.0002). Patients who were physically active (moderate-intensity physical activity lasting at least 60 min per day) had significantly higher peakVO2 (p = 0.0099) and ΔVO2/ΔWR relationship (p = 0.0041) values than JIA patients who were not physically active. Conclusions: Children with JIA show moderate to severe physical impairment. Reduced physical fitness and a low level of activity might be associated with further deterioration of patient’s condition, which might contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, social exclusion and deterioration of quality of life in this group of patients. Exercise programs that improve aerobic fitness and increase muscle strength should be individualized and modified based on the individual needs and capabilities of the patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Novel Diagnostic Techniques in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis—Second Edition)
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