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Bioengineering
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Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic...
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Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biofabrication and Biomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 8536

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lina Vieira

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Guest Editor
1. H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
2. CIMOSM, ISEL—Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Optimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: medical imaging with ionising radiation; reverse engineering; Monte Carlo simulation
Dr. Maria Amélia Ramos Loja

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Guest Editor
1. CIMOSM, ISEL—Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Optimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Av. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
2. IDMEC, IST—Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: computational mechanics of solids; composite materials; adaptive structures; optimization; reverse engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Bioengineering on the theme “Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures”, which is open to submissions until 28th of February 2023.

This Special Issue covers topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Reverse engineering in medical applications;
  • Medical images in reverse engineering of anatomical structures and medical devices;
  • Modelling and simulation of reversed anatomical structures and medical devices;
  • Optimal design of medical devices;
  • 3D printing of medical devices and tissues;
  • Functional materials in biomedical applications;
  • Reverse engineering in surgery planning context.

With this Special Issue, we aim to disseminate recent research in the area of reverse engineering in the context of medical applications, hence welcoming a range of perspectives regarding this theme.

It is our pleasure to invite you to consider submitting a manuscript on your recent work for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications and reviews are all welcome.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contribution.

Dr. Lina Vieira
Dr. Maria Amélia Ramos Loja
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D scanning
  • 3D printing
  • medical image
  • reverse engineering
  • modelling and simulation
  • optimization

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 1847 KiB  
Article
Multiscale Homogenization Techniques for TPMS Foam Material for Biomedical Structural Applications
by Ana Pais, Jorge Lino Alves, Renato Natal Jorge and Jorge Belinha
Bioengineering 2023, 10(5), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050515 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1319
Abstract
Multiscale techniques, namely homogenization, result in significant computational time savings in the analysis of complex structures such as lattice structures, as in many cases it is inefficient to model a periodic structure in full detail in its entire domain. The elastic and plastic [...] Read more.
Multiscale techniques, namely homogenization, result in significant computational time savings in the analysis of complex structures such as lattice structures, as in many cases it is inefficient to model a periodic structure in full detail in its entire domain. The elastic and plastic properties of two TPMS-based cellular structures, the gyroid, and the primitive surface are studied in this work through numerical homogenization. The study enabled the development of material laws for the homogenized Young’s modulus and homogenized yield stress, which correlated well with experimental data from the literature. It is possible to use the developed material laws to run optimization analyses and develop optimized functionally graded structures for structural applications or reduced stress shielding in bio-applications. Thus, this work presents a study case of a functionally graded optimized femoral stem where it was shown that the porous femoral stem built with Ti-6Al-4V can minimize stress shielding while maintaining the necessary load-bearing capacity. It was shown that the stiffness of cementless femoral stem implant with a graded gyroid foam presents stiffness that is comparable to that of trabecular bone. Moreover, the maximum stress in the implant is lower than the maximum stress in trabecular bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures)
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9 pages, 1699 KiB  
Article
The Effect of an Energy Window with an Ellipsoid Phantom on the Differential Defect Contrast on Myocardial SPECT Images
by Ammar A. Oglat and Mohannad Adel Sayah
Bioengineering 2022, 9(8), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080341 - 26 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Good quality single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images are required to achieve a perfect diagnosis and determine the severity of defects within the myocardial wall. There are many techniques that can support the diagnosis of defect formations in acquired images and contribute to [...] Read more.
Good quality single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images are required to achieve a perfect diagnosis and determine the severity of defects within the myocardial wall. There are many techniques that can support the diagnosis of defect formations in acquired images and contribute to avoiding errors before image construction. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of energy width (15%, 20%, and 25%) on defect contrast in myocardial SPECT images correlated with the decentralization of positioning of a phantom. A phantom of polyethylene plastic was used to mimic the myocardial wall of the left ventricle. The phantom consists of two chambers, inner and outer. Two rectangular pieces of plastic were placed in anterior and inferior locations in the mid-region of the myocardial phantom to simulate myocardial infarction (defects). The average defect contrast for all phantom positions using 15% to 20% energy was (1.2, 1.6) for the anterior region and (1.1, 2) for the inferior region, respectively. Additionally, the energy window width was >25% with a large displacement of the positioning off center, leading to loss of the defect contrast in myocardial SPECT images, particularly in the inferior region. The study showed decreasing defect contrast in both locations, anterior and inferior, with increasing energy window width correlated with eccentricity positioning of the phantom on an imaging table. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures)
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Review

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15 pages, 485 KiB  
Review
A Review of Additive Manufacturing Studies for Producing Customized Ankle-Foot Orthoses
by Rui Silva, António Veloso, Nuno Alves, Cristiana Fernandes and Pedro Morouço
Bioengineering 2022, 9(6), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060249 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are prescribed to improve the patient’s quality of life. Supporting weak muscles or restraining spastic muscles leads to smoother and more stable locomotion. Commonly, AFO are made using thermoplastic vacuum forming, which requires a long time for production and has [...] Read more.
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are prescribed to improve the patient’s quality of life. Supporting weak muscles or restraining spastic muscles leads to smoother and more stable locomotion. Commonly, AFO are made using thermoplastic vacuum forming, which requires a long time for production and has limited design options. Additive manufacturing (AM) can solve this problem, leading to a faster and cheaper solution. This review aimed to investigate what is the state-of-art using AM for AFO. Evaluating the used manufacturing processes, customization steps, mechanical properties, and biomechanical features in humans would provide significant insights for further research. The database searches combined AM and AFO with no year or publication type restrictions. Studies must have examined outcomes on human participants with the orthoses built by AM. Other types of orthotic devices or different manufacturing techniques were excluded. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. As stated by having all studies conducted in the last nine years, this is a very recent domain. Different AM processes have been used, with the majority relying on Fused Deposition Modeling. Overall, the manuscripts’ quality is deficient, which is critical to promoting further studies with higher samples. Except for one paper, AM-printed AFO was comparable or superior to the thermoplastic vacuum forming AFO in mechanical tests, kinematics, kinetics, and participant feedback. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures)
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Other

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21 pages, 3815 KiB  
Technical Note
Cells-in-Touch: 3D Printing in Reconstruction and Modelling of Microscopic Biological Geometries for Education and Future Research Applications
by Xavier Fitzpatrick, Alexey Fayzullin, Gonglei Wang, Lindsay Parker, Socrates Dokos and Anna Guller
Bioengineering 2023, 10(6), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060687 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) and computer-aided design (CAD) still have limited uptake in biomedical and bioengineering research and education, despite the significant potential of these technologies. The utility of organ-scale 3D-printed models of living structures is widely appreciated, while the workflows for microscopy [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) and computer-aided design (CAD) still have limited uptake in biomedical and bioengineering research and education, despite the significant potential of these technologies. The utility of organ-scale 3D-printed models of living structures is widely appreciated, while the workflows for microscopy data translation into tactile accessible replicas are not well developed yet. Here, we demonstrate an accessible and reproducible CAD-based methodology for generating 3D-printed scalable models of human cells cultured in vitro and imaged using conventional scanning confocal microscopy with fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. We termed this technology CiTo-3DP (Cells-in-Touch for 3D Printing). As a proof-of-concept, we created dismountable CiTo-3DP models of human epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural cells by using selectively stained nuclei and cytoskeletal components. We also provide educational and research context for the presented cellular models. In the future, the CiTo-3DP approach can be adapted to different imaging and 3D printing modalities and comprehensively present various cell types, subcellular structures, and extracellular matrices. The resulting CAD and 3D printed models could be used for a broad spectrum of education and research applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices and Anatomic Structures)
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