Next-Generation Neurodiagnostics: Deep Learning, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Computing Acceleration in Brain Condition Detection

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosignal Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1022

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
CITSEM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
Interests: multimodal imaging; hyperspectral imaging; optical microscopy; machine learning; deep learning; medical imaging; behavioral pattern analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Research Center on Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
Interests: digital electronic design; hyperspectral imaging for health applications; video coding; high-performance heterogeneous computing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
CITSEM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
Interests: hyperspectral imaging; augmented reality; hardware acceleration; depth estimation; multimodal registration; medical imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current promising developments in artificial intelligence, advanced imaging modalities, and high-performance computing are opening new frontiers in the early diagnosis, monitoring and understanding of brain disorders. Efficient computational acceleration techniques can enable real-time response and fast learning cycles; combined with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and advanced ML/DL algorithms, they are driving the shift toward non-invasive, accurate, and scalable neurodiagnostic tools.

This Special Issue, “Next-Generation Neurodiagnostics: Deep Learning, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Computing Acceleration in Brain Condition Detection”, aims to garner original research and comprehensive reviews that focus on novel methodological advances and translational applications in this evolving field. We welcome both specific and interdisciplinary contributions that utilize machine learning, spectral data analysis, and neuroimaging technologies to enhance our ability to diagnose and characterize neurological conditions at multiple spatial, temporal, and spectral scales.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Hyperspectral imaging for brain tissue analysis and disease detection;
  2. Deep learning methods for spectral and multimodal neuroimaging data;
  3. Multimodal data fusion combining HSI, MRI, fMRI or PET;
  4. Microscopy imaging;
  5. Real-time brain imaging through computing acceleration (e.g., GPUs, FPGA, edge computing);
  6. Spectral analysis and biomarkers for neurological conditions diagnosis;
  7. Image segmentation, classification, and anomaly detection in neural datasets.

Dr. Miguel Chavarrías
Dr. César Sanz
Guest Editors

Dr. Jaime Sancho
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • hyperspectral imaging
  • multimodal imaging
  • neurodiagnostics
  • deep learning
  • machine learning
  • accelerated computing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 17838 KB  
Article
Segmentation Methodologies for the Construction of Hyperspectral Cell Nuclei Databases in Histopathology
by Gonzalo Rosa-Olmeda, Sara Hiller-Vallina, Manuel Villa, Berta Segura-Collar, Ricardo Gargini and Miguel Chavarrías
Bioengineering 2026, 13(3), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13030306 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 518
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) extends conventional histopathology by combining spatial morphology with rich spectral information that reflects tissue biochemical composition, offering new opportunities for quantitative tissue analysis. However, reliable spectral analysis requires accurate instance-level segmentation of cell nuclei to enable the construction of meaningful [...] Read more.
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) extends conventional histopathology by combining spatial morphology with rich spectral information that reflects tissue biochemical composition, offering new opportunities for quantitative tissue analysis. However, reliable spectral analysis requires accurate instance-level segmentation of cell nuclei to enable the construction of meaningful nuclear spectral databases. In this work, a comprehensive methodology for generating hyperspectral databases of cell nuclei from histopathological samples is presented, including hyperspectral acquisition, preprocessing, nucleus segmentation, and spectral signature extraction. Three nucleus segmentation methods are evaluated: a spectral-only approach based on pixel-wise hyperspectral signatures in the visible–VNIR range; a spatial-only approach using synthetic RGB images derived from hyperspectral cubes; and a combined spatial–spectral approach that jointly exploits spatial and spectral information. The methods are assessed on a proprietary dataset of 30 hyperspectral cubes of tumor and healthy histopathological brain tissue annotated by expert pathologists. The spectral-only method achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 61.89% and produces severe over-segmentation, with cell count deviations exceeding substantially the ground truth in healthy tissue. The spatial-only method attains the highest pixel-wise accuracy (78.97% DSC) but underestimates nucleus counts by approximately 30% in tumor regions due to nucleus merging. The spatial–spectral method achieves a DSC of 73.13% and a mean cell count deviation of 4%, providing more reliable instance-level separation. These findings demonstrate that pixel-wise accuracy alone is insufficient for hyperspectral nuclear database generation. Full article
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