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Behavioral Sciences
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Spatial Cognition and Behaviour
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Spatial Cognition and Behaviour

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2014) | Viewed by 41875

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ruth Conroy Dalton

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Guest Editor
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Interests: sustainable urban mobility and wayfinding; virtual reality and sustainable design; pedestrian-oriented urban design; urban planning for age-friendly communities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Christoph Hoelscher

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Guest Editor
ETH Zürich, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, Clausiusstrasse 59; CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Interests: Wayfinding in Built Environments; Spatial Cognition & Usability Research for Architectural Design; Human Computer Interaction; User Modeling & Web Search Behavior

Special Issue Information

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

1840 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Changes in Aggregate Cycling Patterns between 2003 and 2012 from a Space Syntax Perspective
by Stephen Law, Fernanda Lima Sakr and Max Martinez
Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(3), 278-300; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4030278 - 8 Aug 2014
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 9012
Abstract
There has been a world-wide surge of interest in cycling over the last 10 years of which London has seen a continuous growth in cyclists and investment in infrastructure that has resulted in the introduction of the Barclays Cycle Superhighway and Barclays Cycling [...] Read more.
There has been a world-wide surge of interest in cycling over the last 10 years of which London has seen a continuous growth in cyclists and investment in infrastructure that has resulted in the introduction of the Barclays Cycle Superhighway and Barclays Cycling Hiring Scheme. Despite the investment in cycling infrastructure, there has been little understanding of cycling activity patterns in general and the effect of spatial configuration on cycling route choices. This research aims at measuring the impact of cycling infrastructure and spatial configuration on aggregate cyclist movement over two time periods. To do so, this paper presents a spatial-based cyclist movement statistical model that regress cyclist movement flows with measure of spatial configuration, safety and infrastructure and urban character attributes. Using Elephant and Castle, a Central London location, as a case study, the authors analyze cycling movement data sets from 2003 and 2012 to compare the change in cycling behaviour and the impact that the Cycling Superhighway 07, introduced in 2011, has had on cycling patterns. Findings confirm the growth of cycling in London with a 1000% increase in cyclists along some routes in comparison to a 10% increase in population at the same time. More importantly, results also suggest that higher cyclist movement were observed along routes with greater convenience and continuity—over and above route segregation from vehicular traffic. The relationship between spatial configuration and aggregate cyclists movement is consistent between 2003 and 2012 where spatial configuration have remained the same while changes were observed in both modal split and cycling infrastructure. This result is in line with previous research wherein aggregate higher cyclists movement are observed on major routes offering direct connections than less direct routes. From a spatial cognition perspective, this research enriches our understanding on how the external built environment as measured by the spatial configuration measure relates to aggregated cyclists movement overtime and in identifying key potential factors in influencing cyclist wayfinding. Further research is needed into validating the results and examining this relationship at an individual basis on route choice. These results help us better understand the trade off between cycling safety and cycling legibility which could help inform cycling route design in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Cognition and Behaviour)
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721 KiB  
Article
Structure of Attention and the Logic of Visual Composition
by Katherine Blair Wright and Sonit Bafna
Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(3), 226-242; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4030226 - 30 Jul 2014
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7463
Abstract
Two groups of subjects were presented with two façade designs, one with the front façade of the existing Atlanta Public Library, an exercise in modern abstract plastic composition by the Bauhaus-trained architect Marcel Breuer, and the other with alteration that toned down its [...] Read more.
Two groups of subjects were presented with two façade designs, one with the front façade of the existing Atlanta Public Library, an exercise in modern abstract plastic composition by the Bauhaus-trained architect Marcel Breuer, and the other with alteration that toned down its plasticity and enhanced simple relations of its parts like symmetry and repetition. The subjects were asked to recall and copy the façades. The results showed that while significantly more students recalled elements of the altered façade, the performance was equivocal for the façades for the copying task. However, the copying task showed the subjects making greater errors in reproducing elements and relations on the periphery, and those that reflect a reading of depth in the façades. We present an account of the experiment, making the case that the results show the influence of visual design of the façade on the way that an interested and involved viewer attends to it in the course of parsing and comprehending it. The broader implication of this point is to see the visual design of buildings not as simple means to increase its aesthetic value, but as a sophisticated means to lead the viewer to specific forms of imaginative engagement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Cognition and Behaviour)
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843 KiB  
Article
Walk, Look, Remember: The Influence of the Gallery’s Spatial Layout on Human Memory for an Art Exhibition
by Jakub Krukar
Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(3), 181-201; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4030181 - 8 Jul 2014
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 10270
Abstract
The spatial organisation of museums and its influence on the visitor experience has been the subject of numerous studies. Previous research, despite reporting some actual behavioural correlates, rarely had the possibility to investigate the cognitive processes of the art viewers. In the museum [...] Read more.
The spatial organisation of museums and its influence on the visitor experience has been the subject of numerous studies. Previous research, despite reporting some actual behavioural correlates, rarely had the possibility to investigate the cognitive processes of the art viewers. In the museum context, where spatial layout is one of the most powerful curatorial tools available, attention and memory can be measured as a means of establishing whether or not the gallery fulfils its function as a space for contemplating art. In this exploratory experiment, 32 participants split into two groups explored an experimental, non-public exhibition and completed two unanticipated memory tests afterwards. The results show that some spatial characteristics of an exhibition can inhibit the recall of pictures and shift the focus to perceptual salience of the artworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Cognition and Behaviour)
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775 KiB  
Article
Seeing the Axial Line: Evidence from Wayfinding Experiments
by Beatrix Emo
Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(3), 167-180; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4030167 - 4 Jul 2014
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 8161
Abstract
Space-geometric measures are proposed to explain the location of fixations during wayfinding. Results from an eye tracking study based on real-world stimuli are analysed; the gaze bias shows that attention is paid to structural elements in the built environment. Three space-geometric measures are [...] Read more.
Space-geometric measures are proposed to explain the location of fixations during wayfinding. Results from an eye tracking study based on real-world stimuli are analysed; the gaze bias shows that attention is paid to structural elements in the built environment. Three space-geometric measures are used to explain the data: sky area, floor area and longest line of sight. Together with the finding that participants choose the more connected street, a relationship is proposed between the individual cognitive processes that occur during wayfinding, relative street connectivity measured through space syntactic techniques and the spatial geometry of the environment. The paper adopts an egocentric approach to gain a greater understanding on how individuals process the axial map. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Cognition and Behaviour)
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840 KiB  
Article
Street Choice Logit Model for Visitors in Shopping Districts
by Ko Kawada, Takashi Yamada and Tatsuya Kishimoto
Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(3), 154-166; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4030154 - 4 Jul 2014
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6008
Abstract
In this study, we propose two models for predicting people’s activity. The first model is the pedestrian distribution prediction (or postdiction) model by multiple regression analysis using space syntax indices of urban fabric and people distribution data obtained from a field survey. The [...] Read more.
In this study, we propose two models for predicting people’s activity. The first model is the pedestrian distribution prediction (or postdiction) model by multiple regression analysis using space syntax indices of urban fabric and people distribution data obtained from a field survey. The second model is a street choice model for visitors using multinomial logit model. We performed a questionnaire survey on the field to investigate the strolling routes of 46 visitors and obtained a total of 1211 street choices in their routes. We proposed a utility function, sum of weighted space syntax indices, and other indices, and estimated the parameters for weights on the basis of maximum likelihood. These models consider both street networks, distance from destination, direction of the street choice and other spatial compositions (numbers of pedestrians, cars, shops, and elevation). The first model explains the characteristics of the street where many people tend to walk or stay. The second model explains the mechanism underlying the street choice of visitors and clarifies the differences in the weights of street choice parameters among the various attributes, such as gender, existence of destinations, number of people, etc. For all the attributes considered, the influences of DISTANCE and DIRECTION are strong. On the other hand, the influences of Int.V, SHOPS, CARS, ELEVATION, and WIDTH are different for each attribute. People with defined destinations tend to choose streets that “have more shops, and are wider and lower”. In contrast, people with undefined destinations tend to choose streets of high Int.V. The choice of males is affected by Int.V, SHOPS, WIDTH (positive) and CARS (negative). Females prefer streets that have many shops, and couples tend to choose downhill streets. The behavior of individual persons is affected by all variables. The behavior of people visiting in groups is affected by SHOP and WIDTH (positive). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Cognition and Behaviour)
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