Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk

A Special Issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2027 | Viewed by 5791

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: organizational behavior; human resource management; promote the assessment and planning of support needs from the perspective of organizational management

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Work, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Interests: enhancing resilience promotes well-being; the acquisition of development rights and adolescent behavior assessment

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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Interests: depression and social anxiety; the efficacy; mechanism and promotion of cognitive behavioral therapy; qualitative psychology

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Interests: health social psychology; positive psychology; child and adolescent development psychological measurement and assessment

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Interests: mental and behavioral health services assessment; health psychology interventions; health sociology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the mental health and behavioral patterns of high-risk children, aiming to explore their underlying psychological mechanisms, effective intervention strategies, and long-term development outcomes from a multi-dimensional psychological perspective. Children at risk, including those without effective guardianship, children with autism spectrum disorder, orphaned children, and other high-risk groups, face unique challenges in emotional regulation, social adaptation and cognitive development due to long-term exposure to adverse environments or neurodevelopmental differences. These challenges not only affect their current sense of happiness but also their long-term development trajectory. Therefore, it is crucial to explore targeted psychological intervention measures based on scientific theories.

This Special Issue will reveal the dynamic interaction between individual psychological processes and environmental factors in shaping the mental health of these children, as well as advance evidence-based behavioral intervention strategies. Its scope mainly includes three inter-related aspects. Firstly, by using developmental psychology, we study the cumulative impact of intervention sensitive periods and risk factors at specific ages on psychological resilience. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, we explore the positive psychology of children under difficult circumstances, investigating potential mechanisms such as impaired social information processing in abused children or executive function deficits in children with autism, aiming to interpret the behavioral manifestations of at-risk groups of children. We give priority to empirical research on psychological intervention, including cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, and parent-mediated intervention for children. The Special Issue will analyze how these intervention measures are consistent with the theoretical framework. We encourage research on standardized psychological assessment tools to identify mental health risks and conduct longitudinal studies to track the long-term impact of intervention measures on development outcomes.

The existing literature in this field often has two limitations: First, most studies focus on a single risk factor and do not systematically explore the interaction of multiple factors. Secondly, some studies focus more on describing practical technologies, and there is still room for improvement in exploring theoretical foundations. This Special Issue will respond to these topics through open academic dialogue and encourage researchers to integrate theory and practice from multiple perspectives. We welcome the integration of insights from developmental psychology to explore the unique psychological needs and development patterns of at-risk children at different age stages. We look forward to analyzing the deep-seated psychological mechanisms behind behaviors from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Potential authors are also encouraged to apply the biopsychosocial model of health psychology to explore the dynamic interaction between mental states and physical health. We look forward to building a bridge to enable the integration of theory and practice through such academic exploration, on the one hand, promoting the scientific and standardized development of psychological assessment tools and intervention programs and on the other hand, providing a diverse scientific basis for policymakers to design more targeted support systems, jointly enriching understanding of mental health and behavioral intervention for children at risk.

We invite empirical articles and systematic reviews to advance this interdisciplinary agenda. We welcome relevant scholars to provide a bridge between theory, practice, and policy in this key area; enhance our understanding of how psychological science can offer more precise, culturally appropriate, and sustainable intervention measures for children at risk; promote the development of global knowledge and localized solutions; and, ultimately, contribute to their healthy development.

Dr. Yean Wang
Prof. Dr. Guanghuai Zheng
Dr. Xinfeng Tang
Prof. Dr. Kuo Zhang
Prof. Dr. Xiaokang Lyu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • children at risk
  • mental health
  • depression
  • health promotion services
  • prevention
  • behavioral intervention
  • positive psychology of children in difficult circumstances
  • cognitive behavioral mechanism
  • psychological resilience
  • longitudinal intervention study

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 595 KB  
Article
The Conditional Protective Role of Psychological Resilience: School Bullying Climate, Emotional Regulation Difficulties, and Mobile Phone Dependence Among Left-Behind Children
by Chang Wei, Weibin Zhao and Chengfu Yu
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16081261 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 374
Abstract
School bullying climate is a known risk factor for adolescent mobile phone dependence, yet the mechanisms linking these two constructs and the boundary conditions of protective factors remain underexplored. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulties in [...] Read more.
School bullying climate is a known risk factor for adolescent mobile phone dependence, yet the mechanisms linking these two constructs and the boundary conditions of protective factors remain underexplored. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulties in the relationship between school bullying climate and mobile phone dependence among left-behind children, as well as the moderating role of psychological resilience in this mediating pathway. The final analytical sample consisted of 300 left-behind children who completed two waves of surveys separated by a six-month interval. Participants completed the School Bullying Climate Scale, the Brief Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Mobile Phone Dependence Scale, and the Psychological Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4 for mediation and Model 58 for moderated mediation), controlling for age, gender, and baseline mobile phone dependence. School bullying climate was significantly positively correlated with mobile phone dependence among left-behind children six months later (r = 0.14, p < 0.05), and emotional regulation difficulties mediated this relationship (indirect effect = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.001, 0.077]). Psychological resilience significantly moderated the path from school bullying climate to emotional regulation difficulties (b = 0.19, p < 0.05). Specifically, for left-behind children with high psychological resilience, the relationship between school bullying climate and emotional regulation difficulties was significant (b = 0.29, p < 0.01); for those with low psychological resilience, this relationship was not significant (b = 0.02, p > 0.05). Notably, psychological resilience played a conditional moderating role: only under a low school bullying climate is high psychological resilience associated with lower emotional regulation difficulties in left-behind children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk)
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22 pages, 1829 KB  
Article
The Association Between Independent Study Desk Ownership and Borderline Personality Features in Children and Adolescents in Difficulty: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Census in China
by Ling Chen, Mingzi Ma, Jiawen Wu and Changyu Fan
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(6), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16060836 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 517
Abstract
Children in difficulty are at heightened risk of developing personality-related problems, partly due to gaps in family care and social protection. This study examines whether (a) the availability of an individual study desk at home—a basic family educational resource—is associated with borderline personality [...] Read more.
Children in difficulty are at heightened risk of developing personality-related problems, partly due to gaps in family care and social protection. This study examines whether (a) the availability of an individual study desk at home—a basic family educational resource—is associated with borderline personality features (BPFs) in this population and (b) perceived social support and school life shape this association. Using survey data from 14,993 children in difficulty in Hubei Province, China, and applying propensity score matching (PSM), we find that children with their own desk report significantly lower levels of BPFs. The protective association between desk ownership and children’s perceptions of social support is stronger when children perceive higher social support, whereas indicators of school life do not significantly moderate this relationship. Heterogeneity analyses further show that the benefit of having a desk is greater for children without siblings. These findings highlight the protective role of physical learning environments and suggest that targeted provision of basic educational resources could serve as a practical entry point for early-intervention programs aimed at reducing the risk of developing BPFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk)
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15 pages, 704 KB  
Article
The Relationship Between Economic Pressure, Emotional Neglect and Anxiety Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: Based on Response Surface Analysis
by Suxia Liao, Danyun Wang, Kuo Zhang and Jingxin Wang
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121679 - 4 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1655
Abstract
Based on the cumulative risk model and cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined the complex relationships between economic pressure, emotional neglect, and anxiety among left-behind children (LBC), focusing on the mediating role of perceived discrimination and nonlinear risk patterns. A cross-sectional survey was [...] Read more.
Based on the cumulative risk model and cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined the complex relationships between economic pressure, emotional neglect, and anxiety among left-behind children (LBC), focusing on the mediating role of perceived discrimination and nonlinear risk patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 618 LBC (aged 11–16 years) using standardized scales. Polynomial regression combined with Response Surface Analysis (RSA) was utilized to analyze congruence and incongruence effects. The results revealed that under congruent conditions, the association of economic pressure and emotional neglect with anxiety showed a marginally significant nonlinear accelerating trend, whereas their prediction of perceived discrimination followed a linear trend. Under incongruent conditions, emotional neglect demonstrated a stronger independent predictive effect on anxiety compared to economic pressure. Furthermore, perceived discrimination partially mediated the relationships between these risk factors and anxiety. These findings validate the cumulative risk model within the LBC context, demonstrating that risk factors operate in complex, non-additive ways. This highlights the necessity for differentiated interventions and suggests that reshaping LBC’s subjective cognitive appraisals is key to reducing anxiety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk)
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14 pages, 543 KB  
Article
Three-Character Training of Question-Asking (TCT-Q) for Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Wanxue Hu, Yijie Wang, Siyuan Zhang, Siying Yu and Xinying Li
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15111489 - 31 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Question-asking is a key component of social communication, and interventions targeting this skill may be able to improve social functioning in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). This study introduced a novel intervention method called the three-character training of question-asking (TCT-Q), aimed [...] Read more.
Question-asking is a key component of social communication, and interventions targeting this skill may be able to improve social functioning in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). This study introduced a novel intervention method called the three-character training of question-asking (TCT-Q), aimed at teaching children with HFASD how to appropriately use 11 questions in social interactions. The effectiveness of TCT-Q was tested through a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-seven children were assigned to TCT-Q group (n = 19) or treatment as usual (TAU) group (n = 18). Children and their caregivers received two 60 min sessions weekly. Outcome variables were measured before training (T1), after training (T2), and three months after training (T3). Results showed that the question-asking frequency in the TCT-Q group increased significantly after the intervention (ps < 0.001), and the increase was significantly greater than that in the TAU group (ηp2 = 0.089–0.370). Although the TCT-Q group showed greater numerical improvements in social communication and autistic mannerisms (ps < 0.05), the group-by-time interaction did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, TCT-Q is a promising method for enhancing question-asking behaviors and social skills in children with HFASD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk)
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20 pages, 1255 KB  
Systematic Review
Effectiveness of School-Based Integrated Mental Health and Substance Use Prevention Programs for Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Jihye Shin and Kyung-Young Hong
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(9), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16091498 - 26 Aug 2026
Viewed by 136
Abstract
School-based prevention programs increasingly incorporate mental health-related components to prevent substance use among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated school-based mental health and substance use prevention programs for adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search [...] Read more.
School-based prevention programs increasingly incorporate mental health-related components to prevent substance use among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated school-based mental health and substance use prevention programs for adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted across 12 electronic databases for studies published between January 2016 and April 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster randomized controlled trials evaluating school-based integrated prevention programs for adolescents were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for substance-use outcomes, including alcohol-related outcomes and binge drinking, using pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mental health and psychosocial outcomes were synthesized narratively because heterogeneity in outcome definitions, measurement instruments, and assessment periods precluded meaningful quantitative pooling. A total of 16 reports representing 10 independent trials were included in the systematic review, and five independent trial comparisons were included in the primary meta-analysis. Integrated prevention programs significantly reduced alcohol-related behaviors among adolescents compared to control groups (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37–0.86, p = 0.008). Significant preventive effects were also observed for binge drinking outcomes (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.16–0.64, p = 0.001). Most interventions incorporated emotional regulation, resilience enhancement, coping skills, stress management, and help-seeking promotion. Digital and online approaches were frequently used. Narrative findings suggested potential benefits for selected psychosocial and mental health-related outcomes; however, these outcomes were not quantitatively pooled and were not consistently sustained across follow-up periods. Integrated school-based prevention programs incorporating mental health-related components demonstrated beneficial effects on alcohol-related behaviors and binge drinking among adolescents. Evidence regarding mental health and psychosocial outcomes was based on narrative synthesis and remains less conclusive. These findings support the importance of integrated prevention approaches that simultaneously address substance use and mental health in school settings. However, additional large-scale RCTs with standardized outcome measures and long-term follow-up are needed to strengthen the current evidence base. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Behavioral Intervention for Children at Risk)
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