The Effects of Nature Therapy on Affective and Cognitive Functioning

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cognition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 1094

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
Interests: underlying cognitive and affective mechanisms associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder); nicotine consumption; interventions; nature therapy; underlying mechanisms; reducing symptom experiences; improving well-being

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As rates of psychological distress, cognitive overload, and digital immersion continue to rise, behavioral scientists are increasingly turning their attention to the restorative role of nature-based interventions. Nature therapy—encompassing practices such as forest bathing (shinrin-yoku), horticultural therapy, green exercise, and wilderness interventions—has shown promising outcomes across a range of psychological and cognitive domains, and this Special Issue will explore its cognitive and affective outcomes with an emphasis on the psychological processes, emotional mechanisms, and behavioral changes associated with exposure to natural environments.

In this Special Issue, cognitive and affective processes are understood to be general terms that include, but are not limited to, emotion regulation, attentional functioning, executive functioning, stress reactivity, and impulse control. The chosen methodology should encompass a variety of approaches, including experimental, longitudinal, and mixed-methods. Furthermore, investigations including both the acute and long-term outcomes of interventions such as forest bathing, green exercise, and immersive wilderness programs are encouraged. Priority will be given to research that takes a comprehensive approach and utilizes diverse methodological frameworks. Additionally, contributions that address questions of accessibility and culture in nature-based interventions are also encouraged.

The primary goal of this Special Issue is to synthesize rigorous and innovative research to advance our understanding of how behavioral engagement with natural environments supports mental and emotional well-being.

Dr. Jessica D. Rhodes
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nature therapy
  • cognition
  • affect
  • well-being
  • forest bathing
  • emotion regulation
  • attention
  • stress reactivity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 6593 KB  
Article
Therapist-Guided Versus Self-Guided Forest Immersion: Comparative Efficacy on Short-Term Mental Health and Economic Value
by Rosa Rivieccio, Francesco Meneguzzo, Giovanni Margheritini, Tania Re, Ubaldo Riccucci and Federica Zabini
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1618; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121618 - 24 Nov 2025
Viewed by 900
Abstract
Forest therapy, guided by clinical professionals (psychologists or psychotherapists), is increasingly recognized as a preventive and complementary health practice with evidence-based therapeutic potential; however, the specific contribution of therapist guidance compared to self-guided immersion remains unclear. This retrospective study evaluated the short-term mental [...] Read more.
Forest therapy, guided by clinical professionals (psychologists or psychotherapists), is increasingly recognized as a preventive and complementary health practice with evidence-based therapeutic potential; however, the specific contribution of therapist guidance compared to self-guided immersion remains unclear. This retrospective study evaluated the short-term mental health outcomes of therapist-guided (TG) compared to self-guided (SG) forest immersion, based on the validated State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and Profile of Mood States questionnaires. Data were collected from 282 adults participating in eight paired TG–SG sessions conducted at the same forest sites across Italy. The results showed that TG sessions were associated with greater improvements in state anxiety, self-esteem, and total mood disturbance, with statistically significant effects in most cases. Therapist-led guidance also occasionally reduced interindividual variability, suggesting enhanced emotional regulation. An illustrative economic assessment, based on standardized psychometric improvements translated into quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), indicated that the TG sessions yielded approximately 1.7 times the annual per-person economic value of the SG sessions, outweighing the associated therapist-related costs. These findings suggest that TG forest therapy interventions deliver significant and economically quantifiable added value compared to SG experiences, supporting their inclusion in preventive health and mental well-being programs and justifying further longitudinal and cost-effectiveness investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Nature Therapy on Affective and Cognitive Functioning)
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