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Atmosphere
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The Influence of Physical and Chemical Processes on the Variability...
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The Influence of Physical and Chemical Processes on the Variability of Polar Ozone

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 4882

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergei P. Smyshlyaev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Meteoforecast Department, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint Petersburg (ex Leningrad), Voronezhskaya ulitsa, 79, St. Petersburg, Russia
Interests: data assimilation; ozone; nitrous oxide; nitrogen
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stratospheric ozone protects the Earth's biosphere from the harmful effects of the sun's hard ultraviolet radiation. By the end of the twentieth century, the increasing anthropogenic impact on the ozone layer led to the formation of a tendency towards a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer on a global scale and the regular appearance of spring ozone holes in Antarctica and the episodic appearance of mini-ozone holes in the Arctic. The unprecedented measures taken by the joint efforts of the whole of Mankind to reduce emissions of ozone-depleting substances containing chlorine and bromine components into the atmosphere have led to a decrease in the tendency for an increase in the content of ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere, and in recent years there have been signs of recovery of the ozone content. Signs of recovery in ozone levels began to be noted in the polar regions, in particular, a decrease in the depth of the ozone hole and its size in Antarctica. The 2019 ozone hole in Antarctica was one of the lowest in decades. Nevertheless, despite the decrease in the content of halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere, episodes of low ozone content have been formed in the Arctic in recent years. In addition, the strong interannual variability of the ozone content that has always existed in the Arctic has been increasingly manifested in the Antarctic in recent years. In particular, after the 2019 low Antarctic hole, the 2020 hole is again one of the deepest in recent years. Taking into account the fact that in the Arctic in 2020 one of the deepest spring ozone anomalies was recorded, understanding the processes affecting the variability of the ozone content in polar regions under the conditions of the decrease in the concentration of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere controlled by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments requires further clarification.

This special issue welcomes the presentation of the analysis of measurement results, model and analytical studies, which allow a better understanding of the interaction of chemical and dynamic processes affecting the interannual variability of the stratospheric ozone content in the Arctic and Antarctic, the influence of variability of atmospheric circulation and periodic fluctuations, wave activity, cooling of the stratosphere, polar vortex evolution, polar stratospheric clouds formation, gaseous and heterogeneous chemical reactions involving both halogen ozone depleting substances and other gases affecting ozone.

Dr. Sergei P. Smyshlyaev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stratospheric ozone
  • polar stratosphere
  • interannual variability
  • numerical modeling
  • ozone depleting substances
  • polar stratospheric clouds
  • polar vortex
  • chemical ozone depletion
  • dynamical factors of ozone decrease

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 8837 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of Ozone Loss in the Exceptional Arctic Stratosphere Winter–Spring of 2020
by Sergey P. Smyshlyaev, Pavel N. Vargin and Maksim A. Motsakov
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111470 - 7 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Dynamical processes and changes in the ozone layer in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 2019–2020 were analyzed using numerical experiments with a chemistry-transport model (CTM) and reanalysis data. The results of numerical calculations using CTM with Dynamic parameters specified from the [...] Read more.
Dynamical processes and changes in the ozone layer in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 2019–2020 were analyzed using numerical experiments with a chemistry-transport model (CTM) and reanalysis data. The results of numerical calculations using CTM with Dynamic parameters specified from the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data, carried out according to several scenarios of accounting for the chemical destruction of ozone, demonstrated that both Dynamic and chemical processes contribute significantly to ozone changes over the selected World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre network stations, both in the Eastern and in the Western hemispheres. Based on numerical experiments with the CTM, the specific Dynamic conditions of winter–spring 2019–2020 described a decrease in ozone up to 100 Dobson Units (DU) in the Eastern Hemisphere and over 150 DU in the Western Hemisphere. In this case, the photochemical destruction of ozone in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres at a maximum was about 50 DU with peaks in April in the Eastern Hemisphere and in March and April in the Western Hemisphere. Heterogeneous activation of halogen gases on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, on the one hand, led to a sharp increase in the destruction of ozone in chlorine and bromine catalytic cycles, and, on the other hand, decreased its destruction in nitrogen catalytic cycles. Analysis of wave activity using 3D Plumb fluxes showed that the enhancement of upward wave activity propagation in the middle of March over the Gulf of Alaska was observed during the development stage of the minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event that led to displacement of the stratospheric polar vortex to the north of Canada and decrease of polar stratospheric clouds’ volume. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Physical and Chemical Processes on the Variability of Polar Ozone)
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24 pages, 11798 KiB  
Article
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019
by Andrew R. Jakovlev, Sergei P. Smyshlyaev and Vener Y. Galin
Atmosphere 2021, 12(4), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 - 2 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) [...] Read more.
The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Physical and Chemical Processes on the Variability of Polar Ozone)
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