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Spatial and Temporal Variability in Drought: Exploring Regional Drought Indicators...
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Spatial and Temporal Variability in Drought: Exploring Regional Drought Indicators and Indices

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 600

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Jehanzaib

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of the Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
Interests: spatial drought analysis; machine learning; SPI; drought forecasting; climate change and drought; remote sensing of drought; regional drought indicators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Achite

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Water & Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, BP 78C, Ouled Fares, Chlef 02180, Algeria
Interests: hydrology; water management; climate change; erosion and sediment transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drought is a complex and multifaceted natural phenomenon with profound implications for ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and society. This Special Issue aims to advance the understanding of drought variability by examining regional perspectives using various assessment, monitoring, and forecasting techniques. Advanced methodologies such as remote sensing, climate modeling, machine learning, and statistical approaches enhance the accuracy and applicability of drought analysis. The key areas of focus will include the development and application of drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI). Additionally, this Special Issue will highlight regional case studies illustrating localized drought dynamics, explore the role of climate variability in drought shifts, and showcase advancements in data-driven drought risk assessment. Furthermore, research on developing robust drought early warning systems and adaptive management strategies is essential for effective drought preparedness and response. This Special Issue will contribute to evidence-based decision-making for sustainable water resource management, particularly in regions affected by drought due to climate change.

Dr. Muhammad Jehanzaib
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Achite
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drought variability
  • spatial drought analysis
  • regional drought indicators
  • drought indices
  • hydrological drought
  • meteorological drought
  • agricultural drought
  • climate variability
  • drought risk assessment
  • water scarcity
  • soil moisture deficit
  • evapotranspiration
  • drought forecasting
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 7172 KiB  
Article
Future Streamflow and Hydrological Drought Under CMIP6 Climate Projections
by Tao Liu, Yan Liu, Zhenjiang Si, Longfei Wang, Yusu Zhao and Jing Wang
Atmosphere 2025, 16(6), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060691 - 6 Jun 2025
Viewed by 204
Abstract
Droughts caused by runoff are an important environmental issue in the context of global climate change, with profound impacts on ecosystems, agriculture and water resource management. To assess the impact of future climate change on the hydrological response of watersheds, this study combines [...] Read more.
Droughts caused by runoff are an important environmental issue in the context of global climate change, with profound impacts on ecosystems, agriculture and water resource management. To assess the impact of future climate change on the hydrological response of watersheds, this study combines the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and MODFLOW (MODular groundwater FLOW model) models to predict future changes in runoff and hydrological drought in watersheds using data from two scenarios under 15 CMIP6 climate models. The results show that: (1) The R2 and NSE values of monthly runoff at the Caizuzi station in the Naoli River basin are greater than 0.60 in different periods; (2) the ensemble of climate models after screening can effectively improve the accuracy of runoff simulation and reduce the prediction uncertainty of a single climate model; (3) under different scenarios, the temperature generally increases, the precipitation increases and evapotranspiration increased under the SSP2-4.5 scenario and decreased under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (4) runoff showed an increasing trend under the SSP2-4.5 scenario and the opposite trend under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (5) the frequency of winter runoff droughts decreased in the future period, while the frequency of spring and summer droughts increased, with the change trend being more pronounced under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (6) compared with the baseline period (1965–2014), under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the average annual temperature in the watershed increased by 1.89 °C and 3.22 °C, respectively, and the annual precipitation increased by 32% and 36.19%, respectively, but the summer and autumn runoff decreased; and (7) The SRI-3 model analysis indicates that hydrological droughts will significantly intensify under both future emission scenarios. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, droughts will worsen earlier and the abrupt change will occur earlier, while under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, although the abrupt change will occur later, the drought intensity will be higher. The critical drought transition periods are 2030–2047 (SSP5-8.5) and 2045–2055 (SSP2-4.5). This study provides important scientific basis for adaptive water resources management and drought mitigation strategies in cold-region watersheds under future climate scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial and Temporal Variability in Drought: Exploring Regional Drought Indicators and Indices)
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