Non-Exhaust Vehicle Emissions: Measurement, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1131

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Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
Interests: ultrafine particle emissions; energy engineering; aerodynamics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the advancement of vehicle electrification, hybridization, and stringent exhaust emission regulations, non-exhaust emissions have emerged as a dominant contributor to urban particulate matter (PM) pollution, drawing increasing global attention. Unlike regulated exhaust emissions, non-exhaust emissions—primarily from brake wear, tire wear, and road resuspension—remain largely unregulated, with significant uncertainties regarding their real-world emission characteristics, formation mechanisms, and environmental impacts.

This Special Issue will showcase cutting-edge research on non-exhaust vehicle emissions. We welcome original research, reviews, and technical notes covering, but not limited to, the following areas: advanced measurement technologies (e.g., on-board sensing systems, real-world sampling platforms, and telemetry-based monitoring); emission characteristics of diverse vehicle types (including heavy-duty diesel, natural gas, and alternative fuel vehicles); environmental and health impacts on vulnerable communities; and targeted mitigation pathways (such as material innovation, policy frameworks, and fleet management strategies).

We look forward to your valuable contributions, which will advance the scientific understanding and practical management of non-exhaust vehicle emissions.

Dr. Zisimos Toumasatos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • non-exhaust emissions
  • brake wear
  • tire wear
  • real-world emissions
  • air quality impact
  • mitigation strategies
  • electric vehicles (EVs)
  • particulate matter (PM)
  • sustainable transportation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3617 KB  
Article
Comparative Study of the Morphology and Chemical Composition of Airborne Brake Particulate Matter from a Light-Duty Automotive and a Rail Sample
by Andrea Pacino, Antonino La Rocca, Harold Ian Brookes, Ephraim Haffner-Staton and Michael W. Fay
Atmosphere 2026, 17(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17010034 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 718
Abstract
Brake particulate matter (PM) represents a significant portion of the non-exhaust related soot emissions from all forms of transport, posing significant environmental and health concerns. Euro 7 standards only regulate road automotive emissions, while no regulation covers train transportation. This study compares two [...] Read more.
Brake particulate matter (PM) represents a significant portion of the non-exhaust related soot emissions from all forms of transport, posing significant environmental and health concerns. Euro 7 standards only regulate road automotive emissions, while no regulation covers train transportation. This study compares two brake PM samples from rail and automotive applications. Rail brake PM was generated from composite brake pads subjected to real-world urban rapid transit braking conditions, while automotive brake PM was generated using ECE brake pads and discs under World Harmonized Light-Duty Test Cycle (WLTC) conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were performed to assess PM morphology and composition. Both samples showed PM in coarse (10–2.5 µm), fine (2.5–0.1 µm), and ultrafine (<0.1 µm) size ranges, with angular flakes in automotive PM and rounded particles in rail PM. The rail PM exhibited a uniform size distribution, with a mean Feret diameter of 1 µm. In contrast, the automotive PM shifted toward larger particles, with ultrafine PM representing only 4% of the population. Excluding carbon and oxygen, automotive PM was dominated by iron (6 at.%) and magnesium (1 at.%). Rail PM showed lower iron (0.6 at.%) and higher aluminium (0.7 at.%) and calcium (0.8 at.%), with a broader non-C/O composition. This study tackles source-specific PM features, thereby supporting safer and more efficient non-exhaust emissions regulations. Full article
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