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Applied Sciences
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Paleoceanography: Latest Advances and Prospects
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Paleoceanography: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 9027

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Valeria Luciani

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: planktic foraminifera; paleoecology; paleoceanography; paleoclimatology; biostratigraphy
Prof. Dr. Luigi Jovane

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
Interests: paleomagnetism; applied marine geophysics; stratigraphic methods; paleoclimatology and paleoceanography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

This Special Issue offers a venue for original scientific papers dealing with prominent changes in past oceanography, climate, and evolution. Paleoceanography is an interdisciplinary field that involves several geological branches, such as geochemistry, geophysics, micropaleontology/paleontology, paleoclimatology, paleoecology, and geochronology.

We aim to provide a collection of innovative contributions that focus on current research, new methodologies, and modeling based on abiotic and biotic proxies for generating environmental reconstructions over the full range of Earth history.

The rate of current CO2 increase exceeds the speed of natural feedbacks that can restore the system to previous conditions. The response of the oceanic system is critical for our climate and marine ecosystem survivorship. Excess of oceanic uptake of CO2 inevitably drives acidification, weakening the adaptive capacity of marine calcifying from a variety of environments from neritic to pelagic. Continuing stress can severely compromise ecosystem resilience, to the point where apparently minor disturbances can become devastating. Studies on modern biota and environments in order to decipher the ecosystem services of global and deep ocean are vital for measuring ecosystem resilience, but they operate at very short-term interval of time. In our present time of climatic change, it is even more imperative to use proxy data that capture environmental changes on time scales longer than human observations. These allow us to explore the causes and impacts of extreme environmental disturbances in the geologic past that can be useful to deriving insights and solutions for our future. Marine sediments, especially those provided through scientific ocean drilling, provide long, often continuous archives that are key for reconstructing critical events in Earth’s history. Here, we welcome contributions on understanding the causes and or impacts of paleocenographic changes that provide useful tools for applied sciences.

Prof. Dr. Valeria Luciani
Prof. Dr. Luigi Jovane
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biota
  • Evolution
  • Acidification
  • Modeling
  • Paleodiversity
  • Paleoclimatology
  • Paleoecology
  • Paleotemperatures
  • CO2 paleo-pressure
  • Paleocurrents
  • Magnetic properties
  • Geochemistry
  • Geochronology
  • Biostratigraphy
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Organic biomarkers
  • Trace elements
  • Ecosystems
  • Paleoproxies: new developments and applications

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5810 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) on Foraminiferal and Calcareous Nannofossil Assemblages in the Neo-Tethyan Baskil Section (Eastern Turkey): Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions
by Roberta D’Onofrio, Amr S. Zaky, Fabrizio Frontalini, Valeria Luciani, Rita Catanzariti, Fabio Francescangeli, Martino Giorgioni, Rodolfo Coccioni, Ercan Özcan and Luigi Jovane
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11339; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311339 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2694
Abstract
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma), which interrupted for ~500–600 kyr the long-term cooling trend culminating at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, still requires a comprehensive understanding of the biotic resilience. Here we present a high-resolution integrated foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil study across [...] Read more.
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma), which interrupted for ~500–600 kyr the long-term cooling trend culminating at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, still requires a comprehensive understanding of the biotic resilience. Here we present a high-resolution integrated foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil study across the MECO from the expanded and continuous Tethyan Baskil section (eastern Turkey) that offers a complete magneto-biostratigraphic and geochemical framework. The five MECO phases identified reveal a transition from oligotrophic (pre-MECO) to eu-mesotrophic conditions, possibly related to accelerated hydrological cycle, during the initial MECO and MECO δ13C negative excursion phases. The MECO WARMING PEAK phase, marking the highest carbonate dissolution interval, records the most striking biotic changes, such as peak in warm and eutrophic nannofossils, virtual disappearance of the oligotrophic planktic foraminiferal large Acarinina and Morozovelloides, and peak in eutrophic deep dwellers Subbotina. Benthic foraminifera suggest in this phase an improvement in the quality of organic matter to the seafloor. The post-MECO phase shows only a partial recovery of the pre-event conditions. Large Acarinina and Morozovelloides did not recover their abundance, possibly due to cooler conditions in this phase. Our reconstruction reveals how paleoenvironment and marine biota from the studied Neo-Tethyan setting reacted to the MECO perturbations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paleoceanography: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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14 pages, 3472 KiB  
Article
Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Major Elements and Minerals: Clues from a Late Pleistocene Core from Campos Basin
by Guilherme A. Pedrão, Karen B. Costa, Felipe A. L. Toledo, Mariana O. Tomazella and Luigi Jovane
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6206; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136206 - 05 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1724
Abstract
Element and mineral associations are fundamental parameters for palaeoceanographical reconstructions but laboratory methodologies are expensive, time-consuming and need a lot of material. Here, we investigate the quality and reliability of XRF measurements of major elements (Fe, Ti and Ca) using BTX II Benchtop, [...] Read more.
Element and mineral associations are fundamental parameters for palaeoceanographical reconstructions but laboratory methodologies are expensive, time-consuming and need a lot of material. Here, we investigate the quality and reliability of XRF measurements of major elements (Fe, Ti and Ca) using BTX II Benchtop, by comparing them with previous ICP-OES elemental analysis for a set of Late Pleistocene marine sediments from Campos Basin. Although the numerical values of the logarithmic form of the elementary ratios were different, the lnTi/Ca and lnFe/Ca ratios measured by both techniques (XRF and ICP-OES) presented similar downcore results. To correct the XRF intensity data, a linear regression model was calculated and, based on the linear equation generated, the logarithmic values of the elementary XRF ratios were corrected. After the correction, One-Sample t-test and Bland–Altman plot show that both techniques obtained similar results. In addition, a brief paleoceanographic interpretation, during the MIS 5 and MIS 4 periods, was conducted by comparing mineralogical and elementary analysis aiming to reconstruct the variations of the terrigenous input to the studied area. As a conclusion, the results from XRF measurements (BTX II) presented to confirm the viability of such a technique, showing that analysis using BTX II is a reliable, cheap, rapid and non-destructive option for obtaining elementary ratios and mineralogical downcore results at high resolution, allowing stratigraphic and paleoceanographic interpretations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paleoceanography: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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18 pages, 18470 KiB  
Article
Sea-Surface Characteristics of the Newfoundland Basin of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during the Last 145,000 Years: A Study Based on the Sedimentological and Paleontological Proxies
by Harunur Rashid, Qian Qian Lu, Min Zeng, Yang Wang and Zhao Wu Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3343; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083343 - 08 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3173
Abstract
Dramatic changes occur in the sea-surface characteristics (i.e., temperature and salinity) and freshwater input due to the interaction of cold and fresh Labrador Current and warm and salty North Atlantic Current (NAC) on the southeast Grand Banks. As a result, the biological productivity [...] Read more.
Dramatic changes occur in the sea-surface characteristics (i.e., temperature and salinity) and freshwater input due to the interaction of cold and fresh Labrador Current and warm and salty North Atlantic Current (NAC) on the southeast Grand Banks. As a result, the biological productivity and seasonal stratification of the upper water masses are intensified. Such changes must have been more dramatic during the glacial times due to the penetration of the Polar and Arctic fronts and southward migration of the Gulf Stream/NAC. However, the extent to which such changes impacted the sea-surface characteristics in the Newfoundland Basin is poorly known. We report changes in the sea-surface characteristics using a piston core (Hu9007-08) collected from the Milne seamount during the last 145,000 years. Heinrich layers H1, H2, H4, and H5 and H11 within the MIS3 and at the penultimate deglaciation were identified by the ice-rafted detritus (IRD) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma peaks and lighter oxygen isotopes. Rapid turnover by the foraminiferal species with distinct depth habitats and ecological niches in the mixed-layer and thermocline suggests an interplay between the polar and subpolar water masses during the Heinrich and non-Heinrich periods. Only two North Atlantic-wide cooling events, C24 and C21, in which the latter event linked to the minor IRD event during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 in Hu90-08, compared to the eight events in the eastern subpolar gyre (e.g., ODP site 984). Millennial-scale N. pachyderma variability in the western subpolar gyre appears to be absent in the eastern subpolar gyre during the MIS3 suggesting the occasional presence of salty and warm water by the NAC inflow, implying a different climate state between the western and eastern subpolar gyre. Although T. quinqueloba data are fragmentary, there are differences between the western and eastern subpolar gyre in addition to the differences within the western subpolar gyre during MIS5 that might imply a variable influence by the subpolar water. This finding suggests that the influence by the NAC outweighs the impact of cold and fresh polar water in the northern northwest Atlantic during the MIS5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paleoceanography: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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