Recent Research in Drugs for Treating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 April 2022) | Viewed by 3359

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for SickChildren, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
Interests: molecular and cellular innate immunity; iPS cell differentiation to neutrophils; Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs); kinase mediated cell signaling; large scale transcriptomics; respiratory infection; chronic lung infection and inflammation; COPD; asthma; Cystic Fibrosis; in vivo lung infection and inflammation model; lung transplant, post lung transplant diseases; NETs-mediated metastasis; long chain fatty acid (Furanoic acid) role in innate immunity; wound healing; chemotherapy drug screening and validation; endometriosis; reproductive biology
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Guest Editor
1. School of Pharmacy, Al - Karim University, Katihar 854 106, Bihar, India
2. Nano Drug Delivery®, Raleigh-Durham, Durham, NC 27705, USA
Interests: pharmaceutical nanotechnology; respiratory nanomedicine; drug delivery therapeutics; pharmaceutical artificial intelligence; pharmaceutical analysis; in vivo drug estimation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A healthy immune system defends the body against disease and other conditions. However, if the immune system malfunctions, it can attack healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Inflammatory and autoimmune-related pathogenesis impacts different parts of the body, weakening functionality.

This includes a wide spectrum of immune cells and their functional mechanism to operate the physiology. Any disruption or dysregulation leads to consequences of informallation or autoimmune disease. More specifically, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) os helpful in combating the infection and inflammation, but dysregulation may lead to many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer metastasis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and diverse pathological conditions. Drug screening and discovery are an unmet need to clinically manage pathological situations along with understanding the role of immune cells, their cross talk, and relevant mechanism causing inflammatory and autoimmune disease.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of recent research leading to the discovery of novel drugs and development, further extending and accepting the ideas and implications of large data analytics, and artificial intelligence to screen big drug libraries for repurposing and innovating new drug treatment options.

Dr. Meraj Alam Khan
Dr. Md. Faiyazuddin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • drug screening
  • drug development
  • autoimmune disease
  • inflammatory diseases
  • immune cells
  • macrophage
  • neutrophils
  • neutrophil extracellular traps
  • nanoparticles
  • artificial intelligence
  • metadata analysis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3721 KiB  
Article
Kaempferol Regresses Carcinogenesis through a Molecular Cross Talk Involved in Proliferation, Apoptosis and Inflammation on Human Cervical Cancer Cells, HeLa
by Nazia Afroze, Sreepoorna Pramodh, Abdulmajeed G. Almutary, Tahir A. Rizvi, Naushad Rais, Ritu Raina, Md. Faiyazuddin, Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan and Arif Hussain
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3155; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063155 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to [...] Read more.
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to analyze DNA content and quantitate apoptosis. Quantitative PCR and protein profiling were performed to evaluate the modulated manifestation of different genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth and inflammation. Kaempferol exhibited reduction in cell viability of HeLa cells (IC50 = 50 µM 48 h), whereas it did not show any significant effect on viability of the AC-16 cell line. Kaempferol-impacted apoptosis was definitive, as it induced DNA fragmentation, caused disruption of membrane potential, accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase and augmented early apoptosis. Consistently, kaempferol induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by modulating the expression of various genes at both transcript and protein levels. It upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, Caspases 3, and 9, etc., at the transcript level and Bad, Bax, p27, p53, p21, Caspases 3 and 8 etc. at the protein level, while it downregulated the expression of pro-survival gene BCL-2, BIRC8, MCL-1, XIAP, and NAIP at the transcript level and Bcl-2, XIAP, Livin, clap-2 at the protein level. Kaempferol attenuated oxidative stress by upregulating GSH activity and anti-inflammatory response by suppressing NF-kB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol averted rampant cell division and induced apoptosis by modulating AKT/MTOR and MAP kinase pathways. Hence, kaempferol can be considered as a natural therapeutic agent with a differential profile. Full article
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