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Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: From Disease Prediction to Personalized Treatment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 384

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK
Interests: AI; explainable AI; data science; computational brain health; big data in medicine; digital health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of modern medicine, offering unprecedented tools for diagnosis, treatment planning, drug discovery, and patient care. From predictive analytics to intelligent clinical decision support systems, AI technologies are increasingly being integrated into medical practice, enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and personalised care. Recent advances in AI, particularly deep learning and generative AI have further demonstrated significant potential in areas such as medical imaging, genomics, pathology, and real-time health monitoring.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest breakthroughs and future directions in the application of AI in medicine. We are particularly interested in research that addresses critical challenges such as the interpretability and transparency of AI approaches (explainable AI), the acceleration of pharmaceutical research through AI-driven drug discovery, and the application of deep learning models for disease detection and diagnostic support. By bringing together cutting-edge research and interdisciplinary perspectives, the aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the evolving role of AI in shaping the future of medical science and healthcare delivery.

Recommended topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • AI for early detection and diagnosis of chronic diseases;
  • Explainable AI for medical applications;
  • AI-driven drug discovery and development, including clinical trials;
  • Deep learning applications in medical imaging;
  • AI in personalised and precision medicine;
  • Genearive AI for early detection, diagnosis and management;
  • Machine learning and deep learning for genomics and proteomics.

Dr. Samuel Danso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ariticial intelligence
  • deep learning
  • generative AI
  • early detection
  • diagnosis
  • personalised medicine
  • explainability
  • drug discorvery
  • disease management
  • clincal trials

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

32 pages, 7115 KiB  
Article
Advancing Knowledge on Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Childhood Vaccination Defaulters in Ghana: A Comparative Performance Analysis
by Eliezer Ofori Odei-Lartey, Stephaney Gyaase, Dominic Asamoah, Thomas Gyan, Kwaku Poku Asante and Michael Asante
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8198; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158198 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 156
Abstract
High rates of childhood vaccination defaulting remain a significant barrier to achieving full vaccination coverage in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to preventable morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the utility of machine learning algorithms for predicting childhood vaccination defaulters in Ghana, addressing the limitations [...] Read more.
High rates of childhood vaccination defaulting remain a significant barrier to achieving full vaccination coverage in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to preventable morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the utility of machine learning algorithms for predicting childhood vaccination defaulters in Ghana, addressing the limitations of traditional statistical methods when handling complex, high-dimensional health data. Using a merged dataset from two malaria vaccine pilot surveys, we engineered novel temporal features, including vaccination timing windows and birth seasonality. Six algorithms, namely logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting machine, extreme gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks, were compared. Models were trained and validated on both original and synthetically balanced and augmented data. The results showed higher performance across the ensemble tree classifiers. The random forest and extreme gradient boosting models reported the highest F1 scores (0.92) and AUCs (0.95) on augmented unseen data. The key predictors identified include timely receipt of birth and week six vaccines, the child’s age, household wealth index, and maternal education. The findings demonstrate that robust machine learning frameworks, combined with temporal and contextual feature engineering, can improve defaulter risk prediction accuracy. Integrating such models into routine immunization programs could enable data-driven targeting of high-risk groups, supporting policymakers in strategies to close vaccination coverage gaps. Full article
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