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Underground Rock Support and Excavation
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Underground Rock Support and Excavation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 3032

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jianwei Cheng

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: underground space; disaster management; rock mechanics; crack structure; underground accidents in coal mines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this Special Issue is to introduce some research on rock mechanics, support, and excavation, as well as the challenges and prospects of underground space in the current situation.

This issue will focus on the construction of underground spaces, crack treatment of rock structures, and the handling of disasters and accidents caused by underground mining, involving the introduction of new methods, research and development of disaster management materials, and the development of new technologies. It can involve new research in underground industries such as coal mines, metal mines, non-metallic mines, and tunnels.

Dr. Jianwei Cheng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underground space
  • disaster management
  • rock mechanics
  • crack structure
  • underground accidents in coal mines

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 13055 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fractured Sandstone Grouting Reinforcement Body Under Freeze–Thaw Cycle
by Shujie Liu, Jiwei Zhang, Zhijie Yu, Tongzhao Zhang and Jiahao Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2801; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052801 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 448
Abstract
Freeze–thaw cycles lead to progressive damage in macro-defects within the rock mass, compromising its structural stability and ultimately resulting in frost-induced damage in rock mass engineering. Grouting plays a critical role in reinforcing fractured rock masses and enhancing their structural integrity. Investigating the [...] Read more.
Freeze–thaw cycles lead to progressive damage in macro-defects within the rock mass, compromising its structural stability and ultimately resulting in frost-induced damage in rock mass engineering. Grouting plays a critical role in reinforcing fractured rock masses and enhancing their structural integrity. Investigating the physical and mechanical properties of grouted reinforcement bodies subjected to freeze–thaw cycles is of substantial theoretical and practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of rock engineering. This study focuses on fractured sandstone grouting reinforcement bodies to evaluate the impact of freeze–thaw cycles on their microscopic pore structure and macroscopic mechanical properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectra demonstrate that freeze–thaw cycles progressively enlarge internal pores within the grouted reinforcement body, with pore characteristics evolving from micropores to mesopores and from mesopores to macropores. Triaxial compression test results indicate that as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, the peak strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the grouted reinforcement body decrease, with both peak strength and elastic modulus following an exponential decline relative to the number of cycles. Furthermore, the crack dip angle and confining pressure exert significant influence on the failure mode of the grouted reinforcement body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Rock Support and Excavation)
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11 pages, 2277 KiB  
Article
Investigating an Enhanced Contour Blasting Technique Considering Rock Mass Structural Properties
by Askar Imashev, Aibek Mussin and Amoussou Coffi Adoko
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11461; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311461 - 9 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1029
Abstract
When excavating tunnels and underground openings with the drill-and-blast method, minimizing excavation overbreak is vital, as it reduces the costs associated with excavation stability, mucking, and rock support. Overbreak in excavations not only causes safety concerns but also increases the cost of construction [...] Read more.
When excavating tunnels and underground openings with the drill-and-blast method, minimizing excavation overbreak is vital, as it reduces the costs associated with excavation stability, mucking, and rock support. Overbreak in excavations not only causes safety concerns but also increases the cost of construction and completion time. This paper proposes a contour blasting design in which the parameters are optimized based on the rock’s structural properties. Numerical modeling was used to identify the possible damage zones of rock with a change of the seismic load due to blasting. The results were used as input for the design of the proposed contour blasting with a low-brisance explosive. Experimental blasting tests were conducted at the Akbakai mine, located in Kazakhstan, and the performance of the design was examined. The proposed contour blasting was compared with the standard blasting method. The results indicated that the cross-section of excavation with the conventional blasting method varied between 10.5 and 12.1 m2, indicating an overbreak between 17 and 34%. However, with the suggested contour blasting, the overbreak was less than 13%. It was concluded that charging contour boreholes with low-brisance explosives is an effective method of reducing overbreak due to excessive explosive loads on the contour massif, which can improve the safety and profitability of mining operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Rock Support and Excavation)
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15 pages, 4972 KiB  
Article
Energy Evolution Characteristics and Hydraulic Fracturing Roof Cutting Technology for Hard Roof Working Face during Initial Mining: A Case Study
by Chungang Wang, Jianbiao Bai, Tianchen Wang and Wenda Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7405; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167405 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
In the process of mining, a large area of hard roof will be exposed above a goaf and may suddenly break. This can easily induce rock burst and has a significant impact on production safety. In this study, based on the engineering background [...] Read more.
In the process of mining, a large area of hard roof will be exposed above a goaf and may suddenly break. This can easily induce rock burst and has a significant impact on production safety. In this study, based on the engineering background of the hard roof of the 2102 working face in the Balasu coal mine, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the strain energy of the roof during the initial mining process were explored in depth. Based on a theoretical calculation, it is proposed that hydraulic fracturing should be carried out in the medium-grained sandstone layer that is 4.8–22.43 m above the roof, and that the effective fracturing section in the horizontal direction should be within 30.8 m of the cutting hole of the working face. The elastic strain energy fish model was established in FLAC3D to analyze the strain energy accumulation of the roof during the initial mining process. The simulation and elastic strain energy results show that, as the working face advances to 70–80 m, the hard roof undergoes significant bending deformation. The energy gradient increases with the rapid accumulation of strain energy to a peak value of 140.54 kJ/m3. If the first weighting occurs at this moment in time, the sudden fracture of the roof will be accompanied by the release of elastic energy, which will induce rock burst. Therefore, it is necessary to implement roof cutting and pressure relief before reaching the critical step of 77 m. To this end, the comprehensive hydraulic fracturing technology of ‘conventional short drilling + directional long drilling’ is proposed. A field test shows that the hydraulic fracturing technology effectively weakens the integrity of the rock layer. The first weighting interval is 55 m, and it continues until the end of the pressure at the 70 m position. The roof collapses well, and the mining safety is improved. This study provides an important reference for hard roof control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Rock Support and Excavation)
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