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Applied Sciences
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Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Latest Advances and Prospects
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Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 8364

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dan García Carrillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: computer networks security; IT security; Internet of Things; IT services; computer communications (Networks); LPWAN
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Laurent Toutain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires, Rennes, France
Interests: computer communications (networks); IoT protocols; LPWAN architecture; header compression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rafael Marín López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: computer networks; security; IoT protocols; LPWAN; SDN
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The set of technologies known as low power wide area networks (LPWAN) have attracted the interest of the research community and the industry since the moment of their conception. They provide different innovative applications and various interesting challenges. The highly constrained bandwidth, half-duplex communications, licensed and unlicensed bands, different bandwidth capacity, and restricted access to the medium make these technologies an appealing area of research and development.

Different use cases from Smart Cities, Smart Buildings, Smart farming, etc. can benefit from these technologies, where thousands of devices transmit a few bytes of information. Consequently, the IoT landscape is now incorporating nodes with long-range radio modules to radio communication technologies. SigFox, LoRa, and 802.15.4g are but a few of the LPWAN technologies currently available.

Current research challenges are to optimize, manage, and provide novel features to these technologies. There are also standardization efforts such as in the IETF that aim to provide IPv6 support to these technologies, which opens the door for new and exciting new proposals and advances.     

This Special Issue aims to bring together researchers from the academy, industry, practitioners, and standardization persons working in the field of LPWAN, to discuss and explore the latest advances and prospects. This Special Issue’s goals are to present new solutions or existing challenges, the continuous effort to improve these technologies, and their cohabitation with other networking solutions such as 5G.

Dr. Dan García Carrillo
Prof. Dr. Laurent Toutain
Prof. Dr. Rafael Marín López
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • LPWAN
  • IoT
  • standardization
  • security
  • network convergence
  • optimization
  • network management

Published Papers (3 papers)

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18 pages, 4527 KiB  
Article
Combining LoRaWAN and NB-IoT for Edge-to-Cloud Low Power Connectivity Leveraging on Fog Computing
by Giacomo Peruzzi and Alessandro Pozzebon
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031497 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2861
Abstract
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) play crucial roles in the implementation of low-power and low-cost wide area distributed systems. Currently, two enabling technologies are the main competitors within the connectivity field for the Internet of Things (IoT), primarily because of their scalability, [...] Read more.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) play crucial roles in the implementation of low-power and low-cost wide area distributed systems. Currently, two enabling technologies are the main competitors within the connectivity field for the Internet of Things (IoT), primarily because of their scalability, wide range and low power features: Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). In this paper, a brand new network architecture is presented, which combines both aforementioned technologies. Such a network accounts for sensor nodes, multi-protocol gateways, an a cloud infrastructure. Sensor nodes may be alternatively provided with LoRaWAN or NB-IoT. Multi-protocol gateways can receive and demodulate LoRaWAN packets and upload them to the cloud via the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over NB-IoT. The cloud is transparent with respect to the transmission technology, meaning that data are acquired and stored regardless of the exploited technique (i.e., LoRaWAN or NB-IoT). Indeed, sensor nodes using NB-IoT can send data to the cloud and can directly communicate with other NB-IoT nodes setting up a fog computing paradigm on peer-to-peer subnetworks. This approach may be crucial for the development of complex IoT infrastructures while providing high flexibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Latest Advances and Prospects)
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20 pages, 445 KiB  
Article
FLINT: Flows for the Internet of Things
by Bart Moons, Michiel Aernouts, Vincent Bracke, Bruno Volckaert and Jeroen Hoebeke
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9303; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199303 - 7 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
New protocols and technologies are continuously competing in the Internet of Things. This has resulted in a fragmented landscape that complicates the integration of different solutions. Standardization efforts try to avoid this problem, however within a certain ecosystem, multiple standards still require integration [...] Read more.
New protocols and technologies are continuously competing in the Internet of Things. This has resulted in a fragmented landscape that complicates the integration of different solutions. Standardization efforts try to avoid this problem, however within a certain ecosystem, multiple standards still require integration to enable trans-sector innovation. Moreover, existing devices require transformations to fit in an ecosystem. In this paper, we discuss several integration problems in the field of Low Power Wide Area Networks in the context of the Port of the Future and propose a new distributed platform architecture, called FLINT. FLINT is a framework to program flexible and configurable flows on a per device basis. A flow is constructed from fine-grained components, called adapters. Due to the modularity of an adapter, users can easily integrate existing software. We evaluated FLINT based on five levels of interoperability and show that FLINT can be used to interconnect non-interoperable systems and protocols on every level. We have also implemented FLINT in a container based environment and demonstrated that a basic configuration has a 99% forwarding rate of 17.500 513-byte packets per second, showing that the architecture can deliver good performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Latest Advances and Prospects)
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17 pages, 9990 KiB  
Article
Testbed for LoRaWAN Security: Design and Validation through Man-in-the-Middle Attacks Study
by Ondrej Pospisil, Radek Fujdiak, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Henri Ruotsalainen and Jiri Misurec
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7642; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167642 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3031
Abstract
The low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies, which enable cost and energy-efficient wireless connectivity for massive deployments of autonomous machines, have enabled and boosted the development of many new Internet of things (IoT) applications; however, the security of LPWA technologies in general, and specifically those [...] Read more.
The low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies, which enable cost and energy-efficient wireless connectivity for massive deployments of autonomous machines, have enabled and boosted the development of many new Internet of things (IoT) applications; however, the security of LPWA technologies in general, and specifically those operating in the license-free frequency bands, have received somewhat limited attention so far. This paper focuses specifically on the security and privacy aspects of one of the most popular license-free-band LPWA technologies, which is named LoRaWAN. The paper’s key contributions are the details of the design and experimental validation of a security-focused testbed, based on the combination of software-defined radio (SDR) and GNU Radio software with a standalone LoRaWAN transceiver. By implementing the two practical man-in-the-middle attacks (i.e., the replay and bit-flipping attacks through intercepting the over-the-air activation procedure by an external to the network attacker device), we demonstrate that the developed testbed enables practical experiments for on-air security in real-life conditions. This makes the designed testbed perspective for validating the novel security solutions and approaches and draws attention to some of the relevant security challenges extant in LoRaWAN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Latest Advances and Prospects)
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