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Digital Twin Technologies and Their Applications in Autonomous Vehicles

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 954

Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
Interests: autonomous driving modeling and simulation; digital twins for autonomous vehicles; autonomous driving systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue delves into the systematic innovations brought about by digital twin technology in the realm of autonomous driving, enabling the entire chain from simulation development to real-world deployment. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to, the following directions:

  • Simulation–reality fusion technologies: High-fidelity scene modeling based on physics engines and generative AI, sensor data synthesis, cross-domain data alignment and learning, sensor data processing, and quantitative assessment of simulation credibility.
  • Safety validation and system evolution: Utilizing digital twins to construct critical scenarios (such as adverse weather, complex interactions, extreme driving conditions and AI security in AVs), virtual testing environments based on X-in-the-Loop, the evolution of autonomous driving systems driven by twin environments, and safety boundary extrapolation.
  • Innovations in cutting-edge applications: Digital-twin-driven collaboration between vehicle, road, and cloud, end-to-end model training and deployment through virtual–real interactions, scenario generation and accountability tracing based on causal inference, and mechanisms for integrating digital twins with regulatory certification.
  • Lifelong learning: Digital-twin-driven incremental and online learning, continual learning methods based on digital twins, task transfer and cross-domain generalization enabled by simulation-reality fusion, and continual evolution approaches for digital twin systems.
  • Other fundamental supporting technologies: Multi-physics modeling techniques, high-fidelity simulation engines, data analytics and intelligent algorithms, as well as system integration and collaborative technologies.

This Special Issue encourages interdisciplinary research, covering topics such as algorithm innovation, engineering practice, ethical validation, and common key technologies, aiming to provide a reliable transition pathway for autonomous driving systems from the laboratory to open roads.

Dr. Ying Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • digital twins
  • autonomous vehicle simulation
  • generative AI for synthetic data
  • scenario generation
  • sensor modeling
  • sensor data processing
  • AI security
  • weakly supervised domain adaptation
  • closed-loop validation
  • V2X testing
  • lifelong learning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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33 pages, 8050 KB  
Systematic Review
Digital Driving Twins for Scaled ADAS Algorithm Development: A Systematic Review and Design Proposal for Co-Simulation Architectures, Indoor Localization Methods, and Ground Truth Strategies
by Gordon Sebastian Lutz, Stefan Kubica, Tobias Peuschke-Bischof and Carlos Manuel Travieso-González
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(14), 7261; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16147261 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Testing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) under rare or safety-critical conditions is impractical at full scale: track campaigns are expensive, time-intensive, and cannot easily reproduce low-probability events. Scaled cyber–physical testbeds offer a more accessible path by coupling miniature vehicle platforms with virtual simulation [...] Read more.
Testing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) under rare or safety-critical conditions is impractical at full scale: track campaigns are expensive, time-intensive, and cannot easily reproduce low-probability events. Scaled cyber–physical testbeds offer a more accessible path by coupling miniature vehicle platforms with virtual simulation environments, but the field has no unified review that covers co-simulation architectures, indoor localization, and ground truth strategies in a single treatment. This paper addresses that gap with a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of 92 primary sources selected from 984 records identified across IEEE Xplore and Scopus. Three topic areas are examined: real-time co-simulation architectures built on AirSim, CARLA, Gazebo, and LGSVL, compared for ROS 2 integration, synchronisation model, and edge hardware suitability; three indoor localization methods, namely AprilTag fiducial tracking, Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM), and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio positioning, evaluated against shared accuracy, latency, infrastructure, and robustness criteria; and existing ground truth strategies for indoor localization benchmarking. A consistent finding across the corpus is that no controlled cross-method localization comparison exists for scaled testbeds. To address this, we introduce the Programmable Ground Truth Reference System (PGTRS), which renders spatial references on a programmable LED floor panel at a pixel pitch of approximately 3.9 mm, targeting sub-centimetre ground truth accuracy without dedicated motion-capture infrastructure. The concept is demonstrated within a 1:14 scale Digital Driving Twin (DDT) testbed built at the University of Applied Sciences Wildau at a hardware cost of approximately €6576. Design guidelines and open research challenges are discussed. Full article
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