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Advances in Solar Physics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 935

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Research IT, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2FN, UK
Interests: solar physics; solar activity; astrophysics

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Guest Editor
Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Amy Johnson Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Interests: solar physics; machine learning
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solar physics is a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline, offering profound insights into the Sun’s behavior, its complex interactions within the heliosphere, and its far-reaching influence on Earth’s space environment. Understanding these processes is crucial for addressing key scientific questions and mitigating the effects of space weather on modern technological systems, such as satellites, power grids, and communication networks.

This Special Issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in solar physics, spanning observational, theoretical, and computational research. We invite contributions that delve into solar activity, magnetic fields, coronal dynamics, solar wind, and their impacts on the heliosphere. Studies employing innovative techniques—such as high-resolution imaging, multi-wavelength observations, advanced numerical simulations, and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches—are particularly encouraged.

By highlighting novel methodologies and specific breakthroughs, such as improved solar flare forecasting models, refined coronal heating theories, and enhanced solar wind simulations, this Special Issue seeks to provide a platform for cutting-edge research. Submissions that explore the integration of observational data with predictive models to address unsolved problems in space weather forecasting and heliophysics are especially welcome.

Dr. Norbert G. Gyenge
Dr. Marianna Korsós
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solar physics
  • space weather impacts
  • heliospheric studies
  • coronal heating mechanisms
  • magnetic field dynamics
  • advanced solar imaging
  • AI in heliophysics
  • solar wind modeling
  • space weather forecasting
  • multi-wavelength observations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 15171 KB  
Article
Solar Origins of Short-Term Periodicities in Near-Earth Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field
by Huichao Li, Yunxi Zhang, Jinzhou Bao, Botian Tang, Jiangrong Xie and Kangyan Wang
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020891 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 297
Abstract
This study investigates the solar origins of short-term periodicities in the near-Earth solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) using long-term observations (1995–2024) and Potential Field Source Surface modeling. We establish that the 27-day periodicity in solar wind speed and its harmonics (13.5-day [...] Read more.
This study investigates the solar origins of short-term periodicities in the near-Earth solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) using long-term observations (1995–2024) and Potential Field Source Surface modeling. We establish that the 27-day periodicity in solar wind speed and its harmonics (13.5-day and 9-day) are governed by the combined influence of polar and low-latitude coronal holes. Polar coronal holes serve as the fundamental stabilizers of the global coronal structure, while the rotation of the Sun in the presence of low-latitude coronal holes acts as the primary mechanism generating periodic fluctuations. The absence of low-latitude coronal holes diminishes or erases these periodicities. For IMF components forming the Parker spiral, the periodicity is controlled by the structure of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). A stable 27-day period emerges under a two-sector IMF configuration (HCS average slope SL>0.4, latitudinal extent beyond ±30°), while a stable four-sector structure (SL>0.6, latitudinal extent beyond ±60°) superimposes a clear 13.5-day periodicity. However, periodicity weakens or disappears when the HCS is flat and equatorial, or when global structural changes and transient disturbances disrupt recurrence patterns. In contrast, BzGSE exhibits weak periodicity due to its transient nature, while BzGSM shows intermittent 27-day periodicity modulated by the Russell-McPherron effect. Consequently, geomagnetic indices (Kp, Dst, AE) display periodic behavior similar to BzGSM, consistent with its crucial role in solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. These results quantitatively link solar surface morphology to heliospheric recurrence, clarifying the conditions under which periodicities emerge or are suppressed throughout the Sun-Earth system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solar Physics)
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