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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Contactless Technology in the Pandemic and Beyond
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Contactless Technology in the Pandemic and Beyond

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 8701

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohammed N. Islam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: contactless physiological measurement systems; occupant monitoring and driver monitoring systems in vehicles; brain imaging for traumatic brain injury and monitoring patients; active illumination for remote sensing systems; super-continuum and other fiber laser technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Please consider contributing to a Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Sciences, “Contactless Technology in the Pandemic and Beyond”. The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight recent developments in contactless technology, particularly related to healthcare and physiological parameter measurements. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for wearing masks, social distancing, contact tracing, rapid testing, and disinfecting surfaces have become much more important. In addition, people have become much more sensitive to early detection of ailments, including COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory ailments. These trends have provided a major opportunity for scientists and engineers to help society by creating contactless technologies that can be used in these pandemic days and beyond. Examples of technologies include, but are not limited to, vital sign monitoring at stand-off distances, contact-free facility and building entrance screening devices, palm authentication or face authentication systems that work even with people wearing masks, and ultraviolet and other light sources for surface sterilization.

Prof. Dr. Mohammed N. Islam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Contactless physiological measurements
  • Unobtrusive occupant and driver monitoring systems
  • Identity authentication (even with masks on, e.g., based on vein patterns)
  • Disinfection systems using ultraviolet and other light
  • Early detection of COVID-19 and influenza using stand-off distance sensors
  • Transdermal optical imaging
  • Remote blood flow measurements on face
  • Contact-free health inspection at facility and building entrances
  • Time-of-flight sensors for remote measurements
  • Remote photoplethysmography
  • Non-intrusive health monitoring
  • Contact-free vital sign measurements
  • Radar and radio-frequency physiological parameter measurements
  • Electromagnetic sensor for remote measurements
  • Remote heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure monitoring
  • Reading emotions or reactions using cameras

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 13210 KiB  
Article
Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for In-Vehicle Driver Monitoring Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
by Kaiwen Guo, Tianqu Zhai, Manoj H. Purushothama, Alexander Dobre, Shawn Meah, Elton Pashollari, Aabhaas Vaish, Carl DeWilde and Mohammed N. Islam
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4416; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094416 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4985
Abstract
We demonstrate a Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring (CVSM) system and road-test the system for in-cabin driver monitoring using a near-infrared indirect Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. The CVSM measures both heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) by leveraging the simultaneously measured grayscale and depth [...] Read more.
We demonstrate a Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring (CVSM) system and road-test the system for in-cabin driver monitoring using a near-infrared indirect Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. The CVSM measures both heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) by leveraging the simultaneously measured grayscale and depth information from a ToF camera. For a camera-based driver monitoring system (DMS), key challenges from varying background illumination and motion-induced artifacts need to be addressed. In this study, active illumination and depth-based motion compensation are used to mitigate these two challenges. For HR measurements, active illumination allows the system to work under various lighting conditions, while our depth-based motion compensation has the advantage of directly measuring the motion of the driver without making prior assumptions about the motion artifacts. In addition, we can extract RR directly from the chest wall motion, circumventing the challenge of acquiring RR from the near-infrared photoplethysmography (PPG) signal of low signal quality. We investigate the system’s performance in various scenarios, including monitoring both drivers and passengers while driving on highways and local roads. Our results show that our CVSM system is ambient light agnostic, and the success rates of HR measurements on the highway are 82% and 71.9% for the passenger and driver, respectively. At the same time, we show that the system can measure RR on users driving on a highway with a mean deviation of −1.4 breaths per minute (BPM). With reliable HR and RR measurement in the vehicle, the CVSM system could one day be a key enabler to sudden sickness or drowsiness detection in DMS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contactless Technology in the Pandemic and Beyond)
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21 pages, 4744 KiB  
Article
Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
by Kaiwen Guo, Tianqu Zhai, Elton Pashollari, Christopher J. Varlamos, Aymaan Ahmed and Mohammed N. Islam
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10913; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210913 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2851
Abstract
This study describes a contactless vital sign monitoring (CVSM) system capable of measuring heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) using a low-power, indirect time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The system takes advantage of both the active infrared illumination as well as the additional depth [...] Read more.
This study describes a contactless vital sign monitoring (CVSM) system capable of measuring heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) using a low-power, indirect time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The system takes advantage of both the active infrared illumination as well as the additional depth information from the ToF camera to compensate for the motion-induced artifacts during the HR measurements. The depth information captures how the user is moving with respect to the camera and, therefore, can be used to differentiate where the intensity change in the raw signal is from the underlying heartbeat or motion. Moreover, from the depth information, the system can acquire respiration rate by directly measuring the motion of the chest wall during breathing. We also conducted a pilot human study using this system with 29 participants of different demographics such as age, gender, and skin color. Our study shows that with depth-based motion compensation, the success rate (system measurement within 10% of reference) of HR measurements increases to 75%, as compared to 35% when motion compensation is not used. The mean HR deviation from the reference also drops from 21 BPM to −6.25 BPM when we apply the depth-based motion compensation. In terms of the RR measurement, our system shows a mean deviation of 1.7 BPM from the reference measurement. The pilot human study shows the system performance is independent of skin color but weakly dependent on gender and age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contactless Technology in the Pandemic and Beyond)
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