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The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Health

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 1100

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: medical imaging; intelligent systems; bioengineering; signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; deep learning and medical imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, offering novel approaches for analyzing complex biomedical data and supporting clinical decision-making. With the increasing availability of high-dimensional data, such as medical images, physiological signals, and multi-omics profiles, AI-driven techniques have become essential for extracting robust and reproducible biomarkers, detecting pathological patterns, and enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in AI applications for biomedical image and signal analyses, with particular emphasis on model explainability and the emerging paradigm of digital twins. We invite submissions that explore supervised, unsupervised, and self-supervised methods for segmentation, classification, and prediction in clinical domains such as radiology, neurology, cardiology, and oncology.

Contributions addressing explainable AI (XAI) are especially encouraged, including interpretable deep learning architectures, attention mechanisms, and post hoc explanation techniques, aimed at improving trust in clinical settings.

Furthermore, we seek research on AI-enabled digital twins and virtual patient-specific models that integrate real-time physiological data and computational simulations to support personalized diagnostics, treatment planning, and disease progression monitoring in the paradigm of precision medicine.

By bridging algorithmic innovation with translational medicine, this Special Issue aims to highlight interdisciplinary research that could enable the adoption of AI technologies in real-world healthcare scenarios.

We welcome original research, methodological innovations, and comprehensive reviews on state-of-the-art approaches.

Dr. Antonio Brunetti
Guest Editor

Dr. Elena Sibilano
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • deep learning for medical imaging
  • multimodal biomedical signal analysis
  • AI for radiomics and radiogenomics
  • explainable AI
  • digital twin models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3069 KB  
Article
Enhanced Segmentation of Glioma Subregions via Modality-Aware Encoding and Channel-Wise Attention in Multimodal MRI
by Annachiara Cariola, Elena Sibilano, Antonio Brunetti, Domenico Buongiorno, Andrea Guerriero and Vitoantonio Bevilacqua
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 8061; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15148061 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 870
Abstract
Accurate segmentation of key tumor subregions in adult gliomas from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is of critical importance for brain tumor diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. However, this task remains poorly investigated and highly challenging due to the considerable variability in shape and [...] Read more.
Accurate segmentation of key tumor subregions in adult gliomas from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is of critical importance for brain tumor diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. However, this task remains poorly investigated and highly challenging due to the considerable variability in shape and appearance of these areas across patients. This study proposes a novel Deep Learning architecture leveraging modality-specific encoding and attention-based refinement for the segmentation of glioma subregions, including peritumoral edema (ED), necrotic core (NCR), and enhancing tissue (ET). The model is trained and validated on the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2023 challenge dataset and benchmarked against a state-of-the-art transformer-based approach. Our architecture achieves promising results, with Dice scores of 0.78, 0.86, and 0.88 for NCR, ED, and ET, respectively, outperforming SegFormer3D while maintaining comparable model complexity. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, performance was also assessed on standard composite tumor regions, i.e., tumor core (TC) and whole tumor (WT). The statistically significant improvements obtained on all regions highlight the effectiveness of integrating complementary modality-specific information and applying channel-wise feature recalibration in the proposed model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Health)
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