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Applied Sciences
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Novel Development of Tribology and Surface Technology
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Novel Development of Tribology and Surface Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Sciences and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 1710

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Momose Yoshihiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
Interests: nanotechnology; materials; thin-film surfaces and interfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tribology is defined as the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion, including the subjects of friction, lubrication, and wear. For centuries, tribology researchers have historically focused on analyzing tribology behavior on the macroscopic scale for bulk materials. Friction in this case obeys the da Vinci–Amontons laws. In everyday life we are surrounded by many objects coated with other materials. Recently, industry has increased the use of surface treatments and coatings to correspond to the demand for solutions to tribological problems in new environments, and much attention has been paid to tribological knowledge at the molecular and atomic scales on contacting surfaces. Over the last 20–30 years, the introduction of a new experimental tool (scanning probe microcopy (SPM)) had a major impact on tribological studies on the micro- and nanoscale. However, the above empirical laws do not always hold when the contact area is small. A broad understanding of organic chemistry, solid-state chemistry, and materials chemistry in addition to understanding the mechanical aspects at the contact area is strongly needed. The origin of tribological phenomena is strongly related to their many cutting-edge industrial applications. This Special Issue plans to give an overview of the most recent advances in abraded copper surfaces and surface reactions with adsorbed alcohol and water molecules, which are related to contact killing. This Special Issue aims to provide selected contributions on advances in tribology.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • The effect of surface coating;
  • The effect of plasma treatment and plasma polymerization;
  • The effect of temperature;
  • The effect of metals;
  • The effect of adsorption/environments;
  • Surface characterization;
  • Thermal analysis of electron emission from surfaces.

Prof. Dr. Momose Yoshihiro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

35 pages, 6084 KiB  
Article
Using Temperature-Programmed Photoelectron Emission (TPPE) to Analyze Electron Transfer on Metallic Copper and Its Relation to the Essential Role of the Surface Hydroxyl Radical
by Yoshihiro Momose
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030962 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1340
Abstract
Surface processes such as coatings, corrosion, photocatalysis, and tribology are greatly diversified by acid–base interactions at the surface overlayer. This study focuses on the action of a metallic copper surface as an electron donor/acceptor related to the inactivation of viruses. It was found [...] Read more.
Surface processes such as coatings, corrosion, photocatalysis, and tribology are greatly diversified by acid–base interactions at the surface overlayer. This study focuses on the action of a metallic copper surface as an electron donor/acceptor related to the inactivation of viruses. It was found that regarding Cu2O or Cu materials, electrostatic interaction plays a major role in virus inactivation. We applied the TPPE method to clarify the mechanism of electron transfer (ET) occurring at light-irradiated copper surfaces. The TPPE characteristics were strongly influenced by the environments, which correspond to the temperature and environment dependence of the total count of emitted electrons in the incident light wavelength scan (PE total count, NT), the photothreshold, and further the activation energy (ΔE) analyzed from the Arrhenius plot of NT values obtained in the temperature increase and subsequent temperature decrease processes. In this study, we re-examined the dependence of the TPPE data from two types of Cu metal surfaces: sample A, which was mechanically abraded in alcohols, water, and air, and sample C, which was only ultrasonically cleaned in these liquids. The NT for both samples slowly increased with increasing temperature, reached a maximum (NTmax) at 250 °C (maximum temperature, Tmax), and after that, decreased. For sample A, the NTmax value decreased in the order H2O > CH3OH > C2H5OH > (CH3)2CHOH > C3H7OH, although the last alcohol gave Tmax = 100 °C, while with sample C, the NTmax value decreased in the order C3H7OH > (CH3)2CHOH > C2H5OH > CH3OH > H2O. Interestingly, both orders of the liquids were completely opposite; this means that a Cu surface can possess a two-way character. The NT intensity was found to be strongly associated with the change from the hydroxyl group (–Cu–OH) to the oxide oxygen (O2−) in the O1s spectra in the XPS measurement. The difference between the above orders was explained by the acid–base interaction mode of the –Cu–OH group with the adsorbed molecule on the surfaces. The H2O adsorbed on sample A produces the electric dipole –CuOδ−Hδ+ ⋅⋅⋅ :OH2 (⋅⋅⋅ hydrogen bond), while the C3H7OH and (CH3)2CHOH adsorbed on sample C produce RO−δHδ+ ⋅⋅⋅ :O(H)–Cu− (R = alkyl groups). Gutmann’s acceptor number (AN) representing the basicity of the liquid molecules was found to be related to the TPPE characteristics: (CH3)2CHOH (33.5), C2H5OH (37.1), CH3OH (41.3), and H2O (54.8) (the AN of C3H7OH could not be confirmed). With sample A, the values of NTmaxa and ΔEaUp1 both increased with increasing AN (Up1 means the first temperature increase process). On the other hand, with sample C, the values of NTmaxc and ΔEcUp1 both decreased with increasing AN. These findings suggest that sample A acts as an acid, while sample C functions as a base. However, in the case of both types of samples, A and C, the NTmax values were found to increase with increasing ΔEUp1. It was explained that the ΔEUp1 values, depending on the liquids, originate from the difference in the energy level of the hydroxyl group radical at the surface denoted. This is able to attract electrons in the neighborhood of the Fermi level of the base metal through tunnelling. After that, Auger emission electrons are released, contributing to the ET in the overlayer. These electrons are considered to have a strong ability of reducibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Development of Tribology and Surface Technology)
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